tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-71564346166385313752024-03-18T22:57:11.684+00:00The Anglo-Boer WarsCopyright 2016-2024 Meurig Jonesmeurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.comBlogger113125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-55948909207722216752024-03-15T17:52:00.001+00:002024-03-15T17:52:42.166+00:00Spion Kop - who was on the hill?<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">This aim of this
article is to enable medal collectors to make an informed choice when
purchasing a medal to one who was there. </span></p><p>
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Ask “the man in the
street” to name a battle or word associated with the Second Anglo-Boer War 1899-1902 and they will probably answer ‘Spion Kop’ or ‘the Kop’. The battle of Spion Kop (24th January, 1900) holds similar familiarity amongst medal collectors.
The reason why Spion Kop is so well known is because it was a very bloody battle for the British, it dominated the news of the day and the word ‘kop’ passed into the British language to describe a steeply banked terrace at football grounds – most notably at Anfield the home of Liverpool FC. The word ‘kop’ survives today in its footballing context and the battle continues to attract attention as one of those defeats the British Army finds itself saddled with.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTWTivdtEdNkPpUq1kPPIlvNbuc0hfCsUTmPs8XsFoZLdh8_-A8eJ5zHqVDji-rzezVcHrOOkTx5mFWVci0albrFaHynN-n-F7g1hytJdjCbtAOZ_45bg6bbZqiu4kjbFjQbAvwP7P-vUFGEvfmkD9PhvNginbcuW7Isnn3ofYJ9pKJpflxo5lRYF8sxQM/s241/helion1001456.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="241" data-original-width="175" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTWTivdtEdNkPpUq1kPPIlvNbuc0hfCsUTmPs8XsFoZLdh8_-A8eJ5zHqVDji-rzezVcHrOOkTx5mFWVci0albrFaHynN-n-F7g1hytJdjCbtAOZ_45bg6bbZqiu4kjbFjQbAvwP7P-vUFGEvfmkD9PhvNginbcuW7Isnn3ofYJ9pKJpflxo5lRYF8sxQM/s1600/helion1001456.jpg" width="175" /></a></span></div><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><br />Spion Kop has been the subject of a number of books
and articles written in the last 110 years. The most recent <a href="https://www.helion.co.uk/military-history-books/the-spioenkop-campaign-the-battles-to-relieve-ladysmith-17-27-january-1900.php?sid=ffe63521c3dca5c9f9c2514220c9ca11" target="_blank">published in October 2023</a> (right). Generally the authors concentrate on two
aspects; the casualties, from a high level number to detailed lists for a unit, and descriptions of what took place in that “acre of massacre”. The battle of Spion kop has not been researched from the point of view of the medal collector. An important fact the medal collector needs to know is if the ‘man behind the medal’ was actually present at a certain battle. The chance to buy a medal to a man taking part in a famous battle of the British Army is a must for most (if not all) medal collectors. Unlike many famous battles Spion Kop does not have a medal or clasp dedicated to it.
<br /><br />Spion Kop is covered by the '<i>Relief of Ladysmith</i>' clasp that covers 14 weeks of fighting across a wide geographical area: "</span>All troops in Natal north of and including Estcourt between 15th December, 1899, and 28th February, 1900, both dates inclusive.<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">". Contemporary accounts and the casualty rolls also refer to "Spion Kop" not just as a battle but a series of battles that culminated in the battle on Spion Kop on January 24th, 1900. The Natal Field Force casualty roll uses Spion Kop for some casualties of the preceeding battles of Tabanyama (20th January), Venter's Spruit (23rd January) and a gunner on Three Tree Hill (20th January). This information can be used uncritically by dealers and collectors giving the false impression the soldier was on that "acre of massacre".<br /><br />The table shows shows those troops actually enagaged on the summit of Spion Kop with their estimated strength, percentage of a complete unit involved and percentage casualties suffered. The exact number of troops involved is difficult to state. Davidson states there were 1,700 men in the first wave (p.160) and a further 1,900 reinforcements (p.201) making a total of 3,600 on the hill. This differs from my figure below of 4,248, highlighting the diffiuclty of this exercise. Apart from Thorneycroft's Mounted Infantry contemporary sources simply state numbers of companies of a unit that were involved. On campaign company strength varied due to deaths, sickness and sending men to be signallers or servants and grooms to Staff officers. Company strength is assumed to be 100 men. The percentage attempts to show how much of a unit was involved in the battle.<br /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<p></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 557px;">
<tbody><tr style="height: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td colspan="4" nowrap="" style="border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 332.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="444">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Numbers of companies sent into battle with
approximate strength</span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Casualty %age</span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Army Medical Corps, Royal</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">?</span></p>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="103">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">-</span></p>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="195">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Engineers, Royal, 17th company</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">half company</span></p>
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<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">50%</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="bottom" width="113">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">10%</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="195">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Imperial Light Infantry</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="103">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">8 companies</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="44">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">800</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="103">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">100%</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="bottom" width="113">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">16%</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="195">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Lancashire Fusiliers, 2nd bn</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="103">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">8 companies</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="44">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">800</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="103">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">100%</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="bottom" width="113">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">40%</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="195">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Lancaster Regiment, Royal, 2nd bn</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="103">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">6 companies</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="44">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">600</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="103">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">75%</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="bottom" width="113">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">30.5%</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="195">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Middlesex Regiment</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="103">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">8 companies</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="44">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">800</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="103">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">100%</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="bottom" width="113">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">13%</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="195">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Scottish Rifles</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="103">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">8 companies</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="44">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">800</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="103">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">100%</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="bottom" width="113">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">10.75%</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="195">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">South Lancashire Regiment, 1st bn</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="103">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">2 companies</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="44">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">200</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="103">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">25%</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="bottom" width="113">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">20.5%</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="195">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Thorneycroft's Mounted Infantry</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="103">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="44">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">198</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="103">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">-</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="bottom" width="113">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">45.5%</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 145.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="195">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Total:</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="103">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> </span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 33.05pt;" valign="bottom" width="44">
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">4248</span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.9pt;" valign="bottom" width="103">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> </span></p>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;" valign="bottom" width="113">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal">
</p><p class="MsoNormal">It is apparent most infantry regiments sent up a complete battalion. However, there is one piece of data that is missing so far; how many from each regiment earned the clasp '<i>Relief of Ladysmith</i>', does the number approximate those on the hill or exceed it? Some regiments may have had access to reinforcements who still qualified for the '<i>Relief of Ladysmith</i>' clasp. This will be a project for The Register as I compile the QSA medal rolls on a database.<br /><br />Not every man on Spion Kop was there on 24th January. Early on the 25th Briton and Boer reconvened on the hill early in the morning to remove the wounded and bury the dead, the Boers took many of their dead away for burial in Pretoria. One British soldier was made a POW despite being a strecther bearer.<br /><br />Pte 3541 H Adcock, 1st bn Leicestershire Rgt, was a stretcher bearer. The 1st bn Leicestersshires were shut up in Ladysmith, re-called from the reserves Adcock was sent out and tagged onto an unknown unit. On his release from POW camp at Waterval on 6th June, 1900 he wrote to his worried parents as he had been posted as killed in a newspaper, "Just before daybreak on the 25th we were sent up the hill". They found a wounded man, placed him on stretcher, "when we heard a lot of shouting behind us. We looked round and saw lot of Boers. They made us put up our hands, and go to them." Having explained they were stretcher bearers the Boers "told us that they did not want us and told us to look after our wounded.". Tending to another wounded man, "...a Boer came up to me..."Where is your red cross?" I looked at my arm and, found I had lost it. I told him I had lost it, but he said; 'You will have to go with us'". (Leicester Chronicle 28 July 1900) Adcock was sent to Waterval Camp near Pretoria where he remained for over 5 months. <br /><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><br /><br /></span></p>
<p></p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-33882728407422777402023-12-31T10:20:00.004+00:002023-12-31T18:18:40.619+00:00The Gurkhas and the War<p><span>The Second
Anglo-Boer War involved every arm of the British Army except one: the Gurkhas. </span></p><p>Gurkha regiments were first raised as part of the Honourable East India Company
army in 1816 following the Anglo-Nepali war (1814-1816). They grew to become
the Brigade of Gurkhas, a part of the (British) Indian Army, but maintained
their distinct identity as they do today. The Indian Army was well represented
in the war although employed in non-combatant roles. The West India Regiment
guarded Boer POWs on St Helena. <br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">However, six ghurka regiment officers and one ghurka NCO did serve in the war on attachment to other units. </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li class="MsoNormal"><span>Cpt William Cotton French, 3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles, served with the Refugee Camps Department. <br /></span></li><li class="MsoNormal"><span>Cpt </span><span>Harry Townsend</span><span> Fulton, 2nd (Prince of Wales Own) Gurkha Rifles (Sirmoor Rifles) attached 4<sup>th</sup> contingent New
Zealand Mounted Rifles. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order, his entry (with additional information) in The VC and DSO (O'Creagh and Humphris, The Standard Art Book Co, Ltd) reads: </span></li></ul><p><span>Born 15 August 1869, sixth son of Lieutenant General John Fulton, Royal Artillery. He entered the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, from the Local Military Forces in New Zealand, 9 April 1892, becoming Lieutenant, Indian Staff Corps, 24 July 1894. He served on the North-West Frontier of India, 1897-98; Malakand; operations in Bajaur (Medal and clasp); in the Tirah Campaign, 1897-98 (clasp). He served in South Africa, 1899-1901, employed with the New Zealand Mounted Rifles, taking part in operations in Rhodesia in May 1900; operations in the Transvaal, west of Pretoria, 1900; operations in Cape Colony, north of Orange River, 1900. He was severely wounded at Otto's Hoop 16th August, 1900; mentioned in Despatches [London Gazette, 10 September 1901]; received the Queen's Medal with three clasps, and was created a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order [London Gazette, 27 September 1901]: "Harry Townsend Fulton, Lieutenant, Indian Staff Corps. In recognition of services during the operations in South Africa". The Insignia, Warrant, etc, were sent to the Commander-in-Chief in India, and presented by the OC in Chitral 22 March, 1902. Attended the Delhi Durbar in 1903. He was promoted to Captain 10 July 1901. He married in 1905, Ada Hermina, second daughter of John James Dixon.</span></p><p><span>Served WW1 as Brigadier-General 3rd New Zealand Rifle Brigade. Died of wounds 29-03-1918, buried Doullens Communal Cemetery Extension No. 1, Doullens, France. Awarded CMG, </span><span>1914-15 Star trio, Croix de Guerre.</span></p><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li class="MsoNormal"><span>Havildar Bahadur Gurung, 2nd (PoW Own) Gurkha Rifles (Sirmoor Rifles), "arrived in Natal too late for clasps, i.e after June 1900. Awarded silver QSA and KSA medals. No indication what function he served in South Africa.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal"><span>Brevet Major C de M Norie, 2nd (PoW Own) Gurkha Rifles (Sirmoor Rifles), lines of communications Cape Colony.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal"><span>Ridgeway, Edward William Craufurd, </span><span>2nd (PoW Own) Gurkha Rifles (Sirmoor Rifles, attached 12th and 29th (Burma) Mounted Infantry. Son of Col EK Ridgeway VC, CB late 8th Gurkhas. Killed 1917 in Mesopotamia.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal"><span>Brevet Major WI Ryder, 1st Gurkha Rifles, supply and transport officer northern districts, Cape Colony.<br /></span></li><li class="MsoNormal"><span>Cpt Gonville Warneford, </span><span>44<sup>th</sup> Gurkha Rifles
attached 14<sup>th</sup> Mounted Infantry</span><span> . From my own research Cpt Warneford did not have a decorated military career like Cpt Fulton but he had interesting, if short, life.<br /></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWdz1oHSY1j-qeIu8_3_K4ZrADn-EKdsm3jc41Pu4K2ugy_tna0Vk9m_r5yvOUZrKYOWhYGnIMgvSDp8FOO1YDF8Igvn4SXFW9NSa8hAjHXtAbPkh06L1YXhpxP33Si506F0PKBSdx1z16V5_G1CtXYS1CtG5R0HaAjNa73nz_9yarM96I85IzGJMR3rwi/s2624/Warneford%20G%2044GR.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2624" data-original-width="1302" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWdz1oHSY1j-qeIu8_3_K4ZrADn-EKdsm3jc41Pu4K2ugy_tna0Vk9m_r5yvOUZrKYOWhYGnIMgvSDp8FOO1YDF8Igvn4SXFW9NSa8hAjHXtAbPkh06L1YXhpxP33Si506F0PKBSdx1z16V5_G1CtXYS1CtG5R0HaAjNa73nz_9yarM96I85IzGJMR3rwi/s320/Warneford%20G%2044GR.jpg" width="159" /></a></span></div><span>Gonville
Warneford (his medal left) was born in 1871 in Limerick, Ireland to Cpt WJJ Warneford and his
wife Mary. His father served in the Commissariat & Transport Corps, they
had been stationed in Canada where their first child was born in 1864. It seems
Gonville had one aim, to become an officer. In 1890 he qualified for the Royal
Military College (RMC) coming third in examinations at a crammer school in
Dublin. He spoke French and German. He attended RMC in 1891 gaining a
commission in the Wiltshire Regiment. In December 1891 he was on his way to
join the 2<sup>nd</sup> battalion based at Jhansi in India where he applied
himself to his career. In 1892 he passed a Mounted Infantry course. In 1893 he
was promoted to Lieutenant, the following year he passed a course in Hindustani
in Mandalay, Burma. He returned to England in 1895, but returned to India in
1896 having transferred to the 44<sup>th</sup> Gurkha Rifles. In 1898 he was
transferred to the Civil Department. <br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>In December 1900
he arrived in Durban and was attached to the Johannesburg Mounted Rifles
operating in the eastern Transvaal. He only spent a few weeks before
transferring to the 14<sup>th</sup> Mounted Infantry who served in the
Transvaal, Natal and the Orange Free State. He was promoted Captain in July
1901 just before leaving for England. His QSA is named to the "I.S.C." - Indian Staff Corps, as is correct for most Indian Army officers serving on attachment in South Africa.<br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqMhPF6amCnVAtGThpaTVK6XRbSrLAW2nRQpVx_qje_Z01CiMSjzPpAZOVKmsrX5GWuo752ljYohdbDonrZAgBxjD1lP3t3_lDH3EJLk37hbSztOfZO_mvGuBitAshzsN34o8XWepABQwXRbgQX1le8A6uMZZ452WlZ7gNFSgxvhZHpwFQ55zrSF9IZROZ/s1340/Warneford%20G%2044GR%20rim.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="339" data-original-width="1340" height="81" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqMhPF6amCnVAtGThpaTVK6XRbSrLAW2nRQpVx_qje_Z01CiMSjzPpAZOVKmsrX5GWuo752ljYohdbDonrZAgBxjD1lP3t3_lDH3EJLk37hbSztOfZO_mvGuBitAshzsN34o8XWepABQwXRbgQX1le8A6uMZZ452WlZ7gNFSgxvhZHpwFQ55zrSF9IZROZ/s320/Warneford%20G%2044GR%20rim.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>Gonville returned
to India having secured a position as <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Assistant
Political Agent, assistant to the Political Resident in Aden. Gonville was a
true polymath adding Arabic (fluent - higher standard), Khasia (spoken in
north-east India), Parvatia (colloquial, an Indian language, possibly from the
north-west), Chinese (preliminary), Russian (preliminary) to his linguistic
skills. In Aden he worked on the Boundary Delimitation Commission of England and Turkey
defining the boundary between Aden (Yemen) and what is now Saudi Arabia. In
Aden he indulged in his interest in antiquities and there are two items in the
<a href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG208310" target="_blank">British Museum</a> that he had “collected”.<br />
<br />
In early 1904 he was in the border area when he was murdered by a local
policeman at Am Rija on March 3<sup>rd</sup>. His body was bought down and he
is buried in Ma’alla (Maala) Cemetery, Aden City. This cemetery also contains
307 CWGC graves. His family erected a <a href="https://www.warmemorialsonline.org.uk/memorial/198162" target="_blank">brass plaque</a> in St Michael's and All
Angels Church, Westrop, Highworth, Wiltshire where the family originated.<br />
<br />
His father did not stop travelling with the Army. In 1878 he was in the eastern
Cape Colony responsible for the Army’s supplies. He was involved in the action at
Komhga. He remained for the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879 and appears to have stayed
on into the 1890s as “Captain, Colonial Office, Cape Town”. Gonville’s uncle is
the Rev TLJ Warneford who served in the second Afghan War earning a medal and a
mention in dispatches. Gonville’s cousin, via his uncle Rev TLJW, is
Sub-Lieutenant RAJ Warneford VC who was the first to shoot down a zeppelin in
aerial combat in 1915 over Belgium. <br />
<br />
Googling “Gonville Warneford” brings up a connection to the battle of Rorke’s
Drift in 1879. His younger sister</span> Winifred compiled a “unique album of
ephemera” which was sold in January 2014. Highlighted by the auctioneer was a
letter from Assistant Commissary WA Dunne to “My Dear Warneford” dated 24<sup>th</sup>
January 1879 from Rorke’s Drift. This is a first-hand account of the battle.
Unfortunately, the auctioneer states the recipient, “My Dear Warneford” was
Gonville, then 8 years old. This is an error, the letter is too factual for an
eight-year old, a number of casualties are mentioned by name; did the eight
year old Gonville know these men? Given that Gonville’s father was a
Commissariat officer in Natal at the time it is certain he was the recipient.
No doubt the two Commissariat officers knew each other professionally. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span></span></p>
<span>In June
2014 the letter on its own was offered for sale. It appears not to have sold as
the whole collection was offered for sale again in November 2014. Some more
research was done and Winifred, Gonville’s sister, is now the wife of Cpt WJJ
Warneford. Oh dear.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-21505535027112111572023-11-26T17:24:00.000+00:002023-11-26T17:24:08.081+00:00New Zealand Mounted Rifles in numbers<p> In 1992 Richard Stowers, chronicler of the 1st Contingent New Zealand Mounted Rifles (NZMR), wrote:<br /><br />"There is no accurate figure for the total number of New Zealanders who served in the New Zealand Contingents. This is mainly due to many men returning to South Africa in later Contingents and others joining Contingents in South Africa." (p. 275 Kiwi versus Boer)<br /><br />Work by Colin McGeorge* published in 2003 on the question of "How many New Zealanders served" arrived at a figure of 6,080. He created a database from nominal rolls and resolved many duplications noted at by Stowers. I have used, perhaps for the first time, the medal rolls. </p><p>As part of my work in creating an accurate QSA and KSA medal roll index with medal roll pages I have just finished the NZMR rolls. They are complicated, as Stowers points out, by the "many men returning...[or]...joining Contingents in South Africa.". I can add another complication, not every man serving in a subsequent contingent is mentioned on that contingent's roll, there is just a note on the roll for the first contingent he served with. </p><p>But, using a database one can untangle much of this and identify men who joined in South Africa. Using nominal rolls for each contingent Stowers presents a figure of 6,495 men in the NZMR. I conclude a total of 6,164 men served in the NZMR, this includes 11 British officers and men attached. Medal rolls do not indicate nationality. Ideally medal roll data should be combined with nominal roll, social and geographical data.<br /></p><p>The NZMR was composed of 10 contingents, the first leaving in October 1899 and the last in April 1902. The final three contingents, 8, 9 and 10 were divided into two regiments, North and South Island. In the medal rolls the men of the 9th are not shown by regiment, only the 8th and 10th contingents are sub-divided and shown in <a href="http://www.boerwarregister.com" target="_blank">The Register</a> as '1/8', '2/8', 1/10' and '2/10'. The war was the first time New Zealand had sent a military force overseas. The men were all volunteers and most had experience as civilian soldiers, they had no experience in warfare.<br /><br />This table shows the figures for each contingent and how many men were returning for a second, third or fourth tour. Also included under "Rejoiners" are the 11 men, mostly officers, but all from the British Army to provide expertise in campaigning and liaison with the British army in South Africa.<br /></p><p>I have included Stowers' figures for comparison, he does not split out the 8th, 9th or 10th contingents by regiment.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5ZqfEeQc9PJPctcohh4j08jNFyoC7__DusrRenNRf-jPTS2TDWZMPZKVJ48yt_aJ7Ora6OTImrQIiEhRDOcVf-1sT5I1L8wImZK3HqLh0NkfE7Zioc3a_KTb417Qye-CzJX67gwjJoST1NCt0mWHz2ALhQRWDJfuRtJfcRFFjFEnQDh8h-HkJApDLBdoz/s703/NZMR%20table.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="462" data-original-width="703" height="421" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5ZqfEeQc9PJPctcohh4j08jNFyoC7__DusrRenNRf-jPTS2TDWZMPZKVJ48yt_aJ7Ora6OTImrQIiEhRDOcVf-1sT5I1L8wImZK3HqLh0NkfE7Zioc3a_KTb417Qye-CzJX67gwjJoST1NCt0mWHz2ALhQRWDJfuRtJfcRFFjFEnQDh8h-HkJApDLBdoz/w640-h421/NZMR%20table.png" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p>The table shows 6,080 men first enlisted in the NZMR while 6,164 men served. This discrepancy reflects those men who joined the NZMR having served in another unit in the war prior to enlisting.<br /><br />The chart shows the Rejoiners in graphical form, the yellow line is the percentage of each contingent's strength made up by Rejoiners. <br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi48vy8vh9kh7i_HyAn8NZAtr6riducE3JK6H8FeZdvpyfOqUCODA4vJbd1bwfkdgoBt5Pi-b0NTLb5ih17_s-UfEJwjYpqmsly_bdXZKegbUM3UwxIFB8ta0slY_ReDMLGVEgKTCxI0uE6HeLRoEDMGEMB_MrXAnu4cw9-fdnCFEaxxWlrf7eecwuC7RzT/s656/NZMR%20chart.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="518" data-original-width="656" height="506" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi48vy8vh9kh7i_HyAn8NZAtr6riducE3JK6H8FeZdvpyfOqUCODA4vJbd1bwfkdgoBt5Pi-b0NTLb5ih17_s-UfEJwjYpqmsly_bdXZKegbUM3UwxIFB8ta0slY_ReDMLGVEgKTCxI0uE6HeLRoEDMGEMB_MrXAnu4cw9-fdnCFEaxxWlrf7eecwuC7RzT/w640-h506/NZMR%20chart.png" width="640" /></a></div><p>Returning for more service was not uncommon and accelerates from the 6th contingent with 14% peaking at 35% for the 9th contingent. The number of rejoiners "crashed" for the 10th because the number of available rejoiners had volunteered for previous contingents, also the 6th to 9th Contingents were on active service into 1902 when the 10th was raised. It is possible word was out the war was drawing to a close, indeed the 2/10th arrived five days before peace was signed. These men spent more time at sea than they did in South Africa. Six men served in four contingents and 84 men served in three contingents.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBVUpmphff-yWA5IzVBw59U8uMNhnxe8uEp3hpHVE0W_G6KAlUVMk6twsskg9xnaPxDkdXQbIn2bxFNq2po6ZExm9Laq5ypfLArQnFjyDOrPtQECKLkNWPHetjwHbxGwMXjLs91oTXH67nwQGbEyqjix_59Lu_EDtsH5VvD1wEkw4eVY99OTy30o2VJXz1/s363/NZMR%20rank%20table.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="301" data-original-width="363" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBVUpmphff-yWA5IzVBw59U8uMNhnxe8uEp3hpHVE0W_G6KAlUVMk6twsskg9xnaPxDkdXQbIn2bxFNq2po6ZExm9Laq5ypfLArQnFjyDOrPtQECKLkNWPHetjwHbxGwMXjLs91oTXH67nwQGbEyqjix_59Lu_EDtsH5VvD1wEkw4eVY99OTy30o2VJXz1/s320/NZMR%20rank%20table.png" width="320" /></a></div>The Rejoiners provided valuable experience to the in-coming contingent, they occupied all ranks from Private/Trooper (both ranks are used on the medal rolls) to Major. The table (left) shows how many of each rank was a Rejoiner, many getting a promotion on re-enlisting. In John Crawford's assessment, <i>The Best Mounted Troops in South Africa?</i>* he wrote, "The later New Zealand contingents benefited greatly from having a core of South African veterans in their ranks."<br /><p></p><p>Providing "new recruits" with direct, relevant campaigning experience contributes greatly to the success of a unit. This kind of injection of experience throughout the ranks was not available to most units deploying to South Africa.</p><p>The majority of Rejoiners were from the NZMR, but those who served in South Africa represented a wide range of 33 different units such as; Kitchener's Horse, Robert's Horse, South African Light Horse, Australian units, Imperial Light Infantry, and Thorneycroft's Mounted Infantry. Two of the most unusual units are the St John Ambulance Brigade (SJAB) and the Southampton Volunteer Ambulance Corps (SVAC). <br /><br />Adolph Gricourt first served in the war with the SVAC, a very small unit of 22 first aid trained men. They were attached to various RAMC hospitals, in Bloemfontein they worked under Dr Arthur Conan Doyle. They only served in 1900. In August 1901 Gricourt set sail from London aboard the SS Paparoa bound for Wellington, the passenger list shows he was a 21 year old "Farm Cadet". The record of Military Pensions to members of the NZMR (1902 no. 54) shows his contact in New Zealand as "Friend: Harold Maffy, Post-Office, Palmerston". He enlisted for the 1/8th contingent in January 1902, number 5209.</p><p>The St John Ambulance man was Percy Growcott Hulme who served in Natal in 1900 with the SJAB. He was enlisted aboard the SS Cornwall on the 15th March, 1902. His enlistment form, digitised by the <a href="https://collections.archives.govt.nz/web/arena" target="_blank">NZ Archives,</a> is entirely handwritten on notepaper. He appears to have been working as an iron moulder in Sydney, New South Wales. How he came to be Trooper 5997 1/8th contingent NZMR and not a member of an Australian unit is a mystery. Hulme was a traveller, he received the clasps 'Transvaal' and 'South Africa 1902' in 1907 in Burma where worked as a locomotive driver.</p><p>The NZMR was not the only unit to receive significant numbers of rejoiners. It is common amongst the many South African raised colonial units. Continuing work on the QSA and KSA medal rolls will enable detailed statistics such as these to be produced.</p><p>* Colin McGeorge, <i>The Social and Geographical Composition of the New Zealand Contingents</i>, "One Flag, One Queen, One Tongue", ed. John Crawford and Ian McGibbon, Auckland University Press, Auckland, 2003. </p><p>* John Crawford's article was published in "One Flag, One Queen, One Tongue", ed. John Crawford and Ian McGibbon, Auckland University Press, Auckland, 2003.</p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-48491155181707586662023-10-26T23:58:00.000+01:002023-10-26T23:58:01.552+01:00Where exactly did that battle take place?<p>The war was fought across much of South Africa's 1.2 million square kilometres - a huge area, twice the size of France. Much of the fighting took place in rural areas with no roads, away from settlements, there was little in the way of sign posts to tell British troops where they were. Navigation was from farm to kopje to river to farm using maps created during the war by the Field Intelligence Department (FID). The next problem was that the British spelling of Afrikaans names was sometimes phonetic, or inconsistent leading to confusion. To compound that confusion many farms shared the name and there was no way of exactly locating a farm. Often times the best way to locate the farm was just "near town X", but to the north, south, east or west and how far away? <br /><br />The recording of place names in official British military records reflects the imprecision. The official casualty rolls and reporting in the newspapers many times just gave the farm name with no clue as to where in that vast 1.2 square kilometres it was located. Researching casualties was frustrating and mostly impossible with the information at hand. <br /><br />This situation led to my late Father and I starting a project in the 1990's to create a gazetteer of locations related to the war. We started with the contemporary histories, as many of the FID maps we could locate, lists of farms and settlements (including the fabulous four volume set <i>The Encyclopaedia of South African Post Offices and Postal Agencies </i>by Ralph Putzel, Hale & Putzel, Cape Town, 1986) and copies of the current topo-cadastral maps of SA. In 1999 we published <em>A Gazetteer of the Second Anglo-Boer War 1899-1902</em> (Military Press, Milton Keynes) which listed 2,346 locations where military action took place. The work was very well received by researchers. Unfortunately we couldn't get any major military history publisher interested, so the small print run was quickly sold out.<br /><br />I have continued adding to the <i>Gazetteer</i> with my work revising and adding to the casualty rolls published on <a href="http://www.boerwarregister.com" target="_blank">The Register of the Second Anglo-Boer War</a>. To date I have added 384 entries to the gazetteer, enriching the information available when researching casualties. These are locations not mentioned in the histories but are in the casualty rolls or other sources such as <i>Soldier's Effects</i>. They require far more effort to track them down on a map.<br /><br />Today I worked on one new location which is illustrative of the problem mapping locations. I was looking for a farm called Tweefontein there are already four farms called Tweefontein in the <i>Gazetteer.</i><br /></p><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The incident at Tweefontein was an action on 14th November, 1901 where Kitchener's Fighting Scouts (KFS) lost two killed and nine wounded. Four officers (including one who was killed) were mentioned in dispatches "For conspicuous gallantry in action near Heilbron" - note the imprecision "near Heilbron". The casualty rolls list the action as "Tweefontein", this is copied by newspapers. Fortunately there is only one "Heilbron", a town in the Orange Free State which narrows down the search area. This Tweefontein is not named in the contemporary histories.</div><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL-aqypH6niOJg4-c2yLc8TA2g3GRaTIYKuxLRE7hZdnUOdATyfyUfXCuUR5gbW99CMRbaq-AUCuhM5ZX5oEDXPVh7dnK4XIt7BODB3QPLRZHzXIww9i9I1-ve63PoiymTJuzAWBFVr3wYR4DhPXZtve0ZZYSFPaTS-B4XEUXXUqF9CHEN1fXf2rpP3TR0/s1126/Tweefontein%20map%20crop%20HMG%2064.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1100" data-original-width="1126" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL-aqypH6niOJg4-c2yLc8TA2g3GRaTIYKuxLRE7hZdnUOdATyfyUfXCuUR5gbW99CMRbaq-AUCuhM5ZX5oEDXPVh7dnK4XIt7BODB3QPLRZHzXIww9i9I1-ve63PoiymTJuzAWBFVr3wYR4DhPXZtve0ZZYSFPaTS-B4XEUXXUqF9CHEN1fXf2rpP3TR0/w320-h314/Tweefontein%20map%20crop%20HMG%2064.jpg" width="320" /></a>However, in an example of how confusing the recording of the Guerilla Phase of the war can be. This incident is recorded in the <i>Official History of the War in South Africa 1899-1902</i> (Maurice and Grant, 1906) vol 3 p.333 as occurring on 16th November at Jagersrust. Jagersrust does occur in the casualty rolls, for one soldier of the KFS who was wounded on the 29th November, 1901. Jagersrust is shown on map 64 (left) of the <i>Official History</i> south-east of Heilbron, Tweefontein is not. Crucially this map narrows down the area of search further and allows us to consult more maps. </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p></p><div style="text-align: right;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQl-qWCm8RjzIkB399cpiWppehwz45PMxXGW5N_GAjzg1ZCvBZMji2x2z1fhRgG_KjNzgQa1xdgESqQN_hjKZxDrT5XKJpeyUFTbPs48ngDXo82_CiWPHklYslda_FfsM9s27fh-6rabm_E2zdNzKz1QBbMXvDLDMLsDrM4V3AKLjZOtwJRVT3UMim8QJo/s545/Tweefontein%20map%20Topo%20crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="545" data-original-width="495" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQl-qWCm8RjzIkB399cpiWppehwz45PMxXGW5N_GAjzg1ZCvBZMji2x2z1fhRgG_KjNzgQa1xdgESqQN_hjKZxDrT5XKJpeyUFTbPs48ngDXo82_CiWPHklYslda_FfsM9s27fh-6rabm_E2zdNzKz1QBbMXvDLDMLsDrM4V3AKLjZOtwJRVT3UMim8QJo/w291-h320/Tweefontein%20map%20Topo%20crop.jpg" width="291" /></a></div>The next map to consult is the modern topo-cadastral map, sheet 2728 that covers Heilbron and the area to the south-east. Locating Jagersrust we can look about for a Tweefontein. Six kilometres to the north-north-east is a Tweefontein (right). <br /><br />The next complication in trying to locate place names that existed 123 years ago is that place names change and disappear. We must find other evidence to corroborate this is the correct Tweefontein. The <i>London Gazette</i> carries the dispatches from Lord Kitchener, the commander of British forces in South Africa. In the dispatch published on the 17th January, 1902 on p.370 there is a description of this fight, neither Tweefontein or Jagersrust is mentioned. Critically the location is "some few miles to the south of Heilbron". This Tweefontein is approximately 26 kilometres or 16 miles south-east of Heilbron. The commando that attacked the KFS was drawn from men under General C.R. de Wet's command. Unfortunately he doesn't mention this episode in his <i>Three Years War</i>. Stirling's <i>The Colonials in South Africa</i> mentions the fight on the 14th November but does not give a location.<br /><br />What did occur on the 14th November, a British column with "an unwieldy mass of cattle and vehicles" was returning to Heilbron when it was attacked. The KFS formed the rearguard and were hotly engaged, the Boers were driven off "who left eight on the field and carried off many more" (<i>Official History</i> p.333).<p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQl-qWCm8RjzIkB399cpiWppehwz45PMxXGW5N_GAjzg1ZCvBZMji2x2z1fhRgG_KjNzgQa1xdgESqQN_hjKZxDrT5XKJpeyUFTbPs48ngDXo82_CiWPHklYslda_FfsM9s27fh-6rabm_E2zdNzKz1QBbMXvDLDMLsDrM4V3AKLjZOtwJRVT3UMim8QJo/s545/Tweefontein%20map%20Topo%20crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQl-qWCm8RjzIkB399cpiWppehwz45PMxXGW5N_GAjzg1ZCvBZMji2x2z1fhRgG_KjNzgQa1xdgESqQN_hjKZxDrT5XKJpeyUFTbPs48ngDXo82_CiWPHklYslda_FfsM9s27fh-6rabm_E2zdNzKz1QBbMXvDLDMLsDrM4V3AKLjZOtwJRVT3UMim8QJo/s545/Tweefontein%20map%20Topo%20crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a></div>The <i>Gazetteer</i> provide unique data to allow researchers to accurately locate where casualties occurred. In <i>The Register</i> 45% of casualty locations have been mapped and 81% of all casualties have been linked to a mapped location. The movements of British columns in the Guerilla Phase can be mapped very accurately using the <i>Gazetteer</i> providing a new view of the efforts track down commandos.<br /><br /> <p></p><p><br /><br /><br /><br /> <br /><br /></p><p></p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-32971742002959357382023-09-04T13:03:00.006+01:002023-09-04T16:23:05.925+01:00Uncovering a sleeper: The man who started a scandal<p>I was recently asked by a client to research a Queen's South Africa medal named "H.W. Penn" Imperial Military Railways (IMR). A fairly typical medal to a civilian organisation for which there is no official records beyond the medal rolls (WO100-252).</p><p>The medal had been sold with the following attribution from an unidentified newspaper:</p><p>"Having gone on to work on the railways in South Africa, in 1969 Penn is recorded as 84 years old, and having attended the the 30th Anniversary event for the Blue Train Special, he having presumably been a driver on this famous train service which travels the 1600 kilometre journey between Pretoria and Cape Town."</p><p>"Driver Penn" of the famous Blue Train. My client was concerned that given the year and age of Mr Penn, he would have been 15 years old in 1900. Could a 15 year old have been an engine driver? Additionally, and more concerning "HW Penn" could not be located on the medal rolls hosted by Ancestry. Resolving such issues is a speciality of mine. The Ancestry index is full of spelling mistakes for surnames, incorrectly transcribing initials and mangling unit names, all of which can hide names from a researcher. The issue in this case, and it is not an isolated example, is that Ancestry are missing medal roll pages for both the QSA and KSA medals. It appears that the copy of WO100 that Ancestry are working from is faulty in this regard, or they somehow omitted pages when creating the index.</p><p>I have the missing pages for the IMR and locating "HW Penn" was a quick job, here is the entry:</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilnlYCUwgU0ECgC2v_tWLaQKi3bKkFuuw71koSqaUYss-xGcnW0xjYSOuqM6iYN5swjB5T2X13Vz-Lq0OiwFu7MEYa7w0Hpb9HHwbWAmnAN_agAK6Lft6ifxYKeGeE9aSqC0cXfMrh1YHRvdEusOPU-y01jhGIAGI4_Vy2oLpZ8Xv1ndN5HK378IQ8Jr_d/s1052/Penn%201.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="95" data-original-width="1052" height="63" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilnlYCUwgU0ECgC2v_tWLaQKi3bKkFuuw71koSqaUYss-xGcnW0xjYSOuqM6iYN5swjB5T2X13Vz-Lq0OiwFu7MEYa7w0Hpb9HHwbWAmnAN_agAK6Lft6ifxYKeGeE9aSqC0cXfMrh1YHRvdEusOPU-y01jhGIAGI4_Vy2oLpZ8Xv1ndN5HK378IQ8Jr_d/w667-h63/Penn%201.png" width="667" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>This is the only Penn on the IMR roll. Note the trade "Examiner", not "Driver". Of real interest is the faint pencil note, "? 51+415 Pburg LH", indicating possible service in the Pietersburg Light Horse (PLH). Checking their roll reveals a "John William Heartey Penn" number 51 and 415 who also served in the Bushveldt Carbineers (BVC). This roll has two contradictory remarks:<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1-AC13-wwrj5QXNkdAJOE5IVxzkPcOjxV8Ba0Pf6egaUQ8szXNOrAyPFhLycqINnYHApcKu0ZjwkpcYrxjMafxoTcgo9UOaVLt2G4UD-1BuN57eigqXgJuPHBgXflRn0VIdH47kOu44LMn73645NEVlcHR6SF646m9-nSRmQJpW52rbuH4DX9aDF3lANC/s660/penn%202.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="67" data-original-width="660" height="67" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1-AC13-wwrj5QXNkdAJOE5IVxzkPcOjxV8Ba0Pf6egaUQ8szXNOrAyPFhLycqINnYHApcKu0ZjwkpcYrxjMafxoTcgo9UOaVLt2G4UD-1BuN57eigqXgJuPHBgXflRn0VIdH47kOu44LMn73645NEVlcHR6SF646m9-nSRmQJpW52rbuH4DX9aDF3lANC/w666-h67/penn%202.png" width="666" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>On the right it reads "Not identical with W.H. Penn/ I. M. Raily" and on the left "M & CC issued AG2/M/7379". The left hand reference is to the IMR roll on which "Examiner HW Penn" appears and is shown above. To resolve which remark is correct we are fortunate in that a biographical roll and history for the BVC and PLH was published by Bill Woolmore (Slouch Hat Publications, 2002). In compiling his roll Bill consulted the attestation papers (The National Archives, London - WO126) which supply details of former service, age and next of kin.<br /><br />The entry for John William Hartley [sic] Penn, age 33 (in 1901 on attestation into the BVC), former service, Examiner, Imperial Military Railways. His calculated birth year is 1868, so he can't be "Driver HW Penn" of the Blue Train, that piece of circumstantial evidence is discarded. The former service links the men in the medal rolls and the left hand remark on the BVC roll is correct and the right hand "not identical" comment is incorrect. The difference in initials is frustrating, especially the lack of a 'J' on the IMR roll. But we know individuals drop forenames and clerks make mistakes. The next of kin is given as, wife Mrs ASA Penn, Fordsburg, Johannesburg, they had one son.<br /><br />Using the excellent FamilySearch.com we learn that his wife was Angenesse Sussana Amarentie de Villiers (nee Buekes, baptised 1857 Cape Colony). They got married in 1893 in Molteno, Cape Colony, John was a butcher. Obviously butchering wasn't to his liking and he headed north to seek his fortune on The Rand. We assume he joined the railways prior to the war to learn his trade as an 'Examiner' - inspector of rolling stock, and remained on The Rand after war was declared. What prompted him to join the BVC is anyone's guess.</p><p>The scandal. The BVC became an infamous unit on account of the "Breaker Morant Affair". Cpt HH "Breaker" Morant and other officers were accused of murdering civilians and Africans. In a trial that remains controversial to this day Morant and fellow officers were tried by a military court, found guilty and executed. The spark to this affair was a letter of complaint alleging crimes by Morant and others to the commander of the Lines of Communication, Colonel FH Hall, RA. The letter was signed by 15 men of the BVC, one of those being John Penn. He is also listed as a witness at the trial.</p><p>John appears to have been issued one medal, that off the IMR QSA roll which should have a Cape Colony clasp. This may have been taken off by an ignorant dealer or collector believing all IMR QSAs were issued without clasps, which is patently untrue. The BVC/PLH roll is marked "address not known, P.A. (assumed Personal Application) till for appn.", there is a reference and a date in 1908 which could indicate the issue of clasps Transvaal, South Africa 1901 and South Africa 1902.<br /></p><p>What happened to John after the war is not known, until his death in August 1931, long before the 1969 Blue Train reunion. He is buried in Grasmere Cemetery, Krugersdorp. His wife, Angenesse died in 1937 and is buried in Brixton Cemetery, Johannesburg.<br /></p><p> </p><p> <br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-43200177454157004722023-08-20T00:02:00.001+01:002023-08-20T00:02:52.169+01:00The Queen's Mediterranean Medal<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQMqi0bBl5hULsI0WY1AdV6shem8tmlnp1JJmh-CMzTkw0k_jDDGujiWjbKcY3vg3ZptteUsKgJY7-PrqlV02T0JY-YF5w3xwvo4hApqb_mJjbj5sr48zVvaTNV4EL_YUxPwmHXD6oODY_ZtFwNDfngZ7-OZ43Pj_4uJ4_z4X7Q_5Uw5gWXdzpc-VV1A1L/s2125/Med%20medal%20Francis%20obv.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2125" data-original-width="1586" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQMqi0bBl5hULsI0WY1AdV6shem8tmlnp1JJmh-CMzTkw0k_jDDGujiWjbKcY3vg3ZptteUsKgJY7-PrqlV02T0JY-YF5w3xwvo4hApqb_mJjbj5sr48zVvaTNV4EL_YUxPwmHXD6oODY_ZtFwNDfngZ7-OZ43Pj_4uJ4_z4X7Q_5Uw5gWXdzpc-VV1A1L/s320/Med%20medal%20Francis%20obv.png" width="239" /></a></div>
<p>The Queen's Mediterranean Medal was approved by King Edward VII (Army Order 32 1902) to recognise the service of militia battalions sent to serve in garrisons in the Mediterranean. No clasps were awarded with the medal.<br /><br />If a soldier served at all in South Africa and also in the Mediterranean then they were awarded the The Queen's South Africa with clasps as appropriate. </p><p></p><p>The medal roll for the The Queen's Mediterranean Medal is WO100-368. <br /></p><p>The militia battalions of the regular army regiments could not be sent overseas unless they first volunteered. Such was the enthusiasm to serve Queen and Empire in 1899 many militia battalions volunteered to serve overseas. Some were sent to fight in South Africa, others were sent to replace regular battalions sent to the war in their garrison stations. The majority were sent to Malta and Gozo, one battalion was sent to Egypt. These battalions did not, as if often stated, guard Boer prisoners of war. There were no Boer POWs on Malta, Gozo or in Egypt. Some militia battalions did guard Boer POWs on St Helena - these men were awarded the Queen's South Africa medal without clasp.<br /></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 673px;"><tbody><tr height="38" style="height: 28.8pt;"><td class="xl71" height="38" style="height: 28.8pt; width: 212pt;" width="283"><b>Unit</b></td>
<td class="xl70" style="width: 187pt;" width="249"><b>Location</b></td>
<td class="xl75" style="width: 58pt;" width="77"><b>Number on Roll</b></td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium; width: 48pt;" width="64"><b>Medals Issued</b></td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl72" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 212pt;" width="283">Royal Garrison Artillery</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium;">not shown</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 58pt;" width="77">1</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 48pt;" width="64">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl72" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 212pt;" width="283">King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, 3rd battalion</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;">Malta & Gozo June
1901-February 1902</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 58pt;" width="77">753</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 48pt;" width="64">766</td>
</tr>
<tr height="38" style="height: 28.8pt;">
<td class="xl72" height="38" style="border-top: medium; height: 28.8pt; width: 212pt;" width="283">Loyal North Lancashire Regiment, 3rd battalion</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;">Malta 1900-1901</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 58pt;" width="77">202</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 48pt;" width="64">not
shown</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl72" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 212pt;" width="283">Northumberland Fusiliers, 5th battalion</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;">Malta 1900-1901</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 58pt;" width="77">579</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 48pt;" width="64">560</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl72" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 212pt;" width="283">Royal Munster Fusiliers, 5th battalion</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;">Malta & Gozo 1901</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 58pt;" width="77">548</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 48pt;" width="64">542</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl72" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 212pt;" width="283">Royal West Kent Regiment, 3rd battalion</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;">Malta 1900-1901</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 58pt;" width="77">1152</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 48pt;" width="64">975</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl72" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 212pt;" width="283">Seaforth Highlanders, 3rd battalion</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;">Citadel Barracks,
Cairo February 1900 - May 1901</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 58pt;" width="77">821</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 48pt;" width="64">794</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl72" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 212pt;" width="283">West Yorkshire Regiment, 3rd battalion</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;">Malta 1901-1902</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 58pt;" width="77">880</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 48pt;" width="64">868</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>The second page of the roll states "Total OR [other rank] issues 4,711". The issue numbers above, assuming 202 issued for the Loyal North Lancashire Rgt , show a total of 4,708 medals (officers and attached personnel included)
were issued. The number of medals issued is taken from the numbers issued as recorded on the rolls, it doesn't take into account medals forfeited after issue or medals returned. The actual number of medals that could be in existence will be slightly less. <br /></p><p>The 3rd Loyal North Lancashire Rgt arrived on Malta in January 1900
and left for the war in South Africa on March 2nd, 1901. This accounts
for the small number of Mediterranean medals issued to the battalion.<br /></p>The
3rd Seaforth Highlanders were stationed in Cairo alongside their
regimental comrades of the regular army, the 1st battalion. It is
ironic that, while performing the same duties, only one battalion received a
medal and the other didn't. <br /><p>A number of officers were attached to some of the battalions above, and two Armourer Sergeants of the Army Ordnance Corps were attached: <br /></p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 367px;"><colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 12117; mso-width-source: userset; width: 256pt;" width="341"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 938; mso-width-source: userset; width: 20pt;" width="26"></col>
</colgroup>
<tbody><tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl76" height="19" style="height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341"><b>Officers
attached to King's Own Yorkshire Light</b> <b>Infantry</b></td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl75" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">Bedfordshire Regiment</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl75" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">Border Regiment</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl75" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">Connaught Rangers</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl75" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">Derbyshire Regiment</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl75" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">Hampshire Regiment</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl75" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">King's (Liverpool) Regiment</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26">2</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl75" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">Lancashire Fusiliers</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl75" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">Leicestershire Regiment</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl75" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">Middlesex Regiment</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl75" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">Rifle Brigade</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl72" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">Royal Fusiliers</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl75" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">Royal Munster Fusiliers<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl75" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">West Surrey Regiment</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl75" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">Worcestershire Regiment</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl76" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341"><b>Officers attached to the Royal West Kent Rgt</b></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl75" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">King's (Liverpool) Regiment</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl75" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">Manchester Regiment</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl76" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341"><b>Army Ordnance Corps (two NCOs) attached to</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium; width: 20pt;" width="26">2</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl74" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt;">Royal Munster
Fusiliers<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl75" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">The Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regiment)</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl75" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 256pt;" width="341">West Yorkshire Regiment</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p>
The table shows the number of deaths that occurred in these battalions during this period. The majority died in Malta or Cairo, a few died in England and one at sea. These casualties are not included in the official casualty rolls and those publications that simply copied the rolls.<br /></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 446px;"><tbody><tr height="38" style="height: 28.8pt;"><td class="xl70" height="38" style="height: 28.8pt; width: 287pt;" width="382"><b>Unit <br /></b></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: medium; width: 48pt;" width="64"><b>Deaths</b></td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl71" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 287pt;" width="382">Royal Garrison Artillery</td>
<td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;">0</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl71" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 287pt;" width="382">King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, 3rd battalion</td>
<td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;">4</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl71" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 287pt;" width="382">Loyal North Lancashire Regiment, 3rd battalion</td>
<td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;">0</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl71" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 287pt;" width="382">Northumberland Fusiliers, 5th battalion</td>
<td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;">5</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl71" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 287pt;" width="382">Royal Munster Fusiliers, 5th battalion</td>
<td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;">0</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl71" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 287pt;" width="382">Royal West Kent Regiment, 3rd battalion</td>
<td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;">9</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl71" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 287pt;" width="382">Seaforth Highlanders, 3rd battalion</td>
<td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;">9</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.4pt;">
<td class="xl71" height="19" style="border-top: medium; height: 14.4pt; width: 287pt;" width="382">West Yorkshire Regiment, 3rd battalion</td>
<td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;">1</td><td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;"> </td><td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;"> </td><td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;"> </td><td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;"> </td><td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;"> </td><td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;"> </td><td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;"> </td><td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;"> </td><td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;"> </td><td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;"> </td><td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;"> </td><td align="right" class="xl72" style="border-left: medium; border-top: medium;"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p>
</p><p>The vast majority of Mediterranean Medals appear as singles, they do exist in groups but they are rare. Many men of the rolls enlisted in a wide variety of regular army units. No doubt many Mediterranean veterans served in World War 1. Re-uniting a Mediterranean Medal with other medals, usually WW1 medals is not easy. The example below to Robert Francis illustrates the problem.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQPdXd0zuwdbp_caUUK1djIJzLQbczhyIdVVcbPA7n_QOJal1FoH2I4cbPFAW1HFDtIwFrbAw3dO_-ZaaiQNJV6CztoCy4aFshsp_FpiCOWgKWYhtp7vGxDQtkWWjD94NNMNwZ37Yz4En4vhgLkyCGInEUpWQsB3iHxU6A7klSbrq6JcIeJDLhaUDcMcmZ/s700/Francis%20R%20sm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="525" data-original-width="700" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQPdXd0zuwdbp_caUUK1djIJzLQbczhyIdVVcbPA7n_QOJal1FoH2I4cbPFAW1HFDtIwFrbAw3dO_-ZaaiQNJV6CztoCy4aFshsp_FpiCOWgKWYhtp7vGxDQtkWWjD94NNMNwZ37Yz4En4vhgLkyCGInEUpWQsB3iHxU6A7klSbrq6JcIeJDLhaUDcMcmZ/s320/Francis%20R%20sm.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>The Mediterranean Medal is named to Pte 484 Royal West Kent Rgt, the British War Medal, which is sole entitlement for WW1 is named to Pte 25964 Essex Rgt. The only service papers traced are for his service in the West Kents. The medals were sold by DNW in 1996 "mounted for wear", when they reappeared in 2016, still a pair, they were not mounted and the Mediterranean Medal had new ribbon.<br /><br />Fortunately for researchers he was issued a Silver War Badge (B328322) which is missing. The SWB roll gives his age as 43 on discharge in 1919. The birth year of 1876 matches exactly that derived from the WO96 service papers for his West Kent service.<br /><br />The complete medal roll and casualty roll for the Queen's Mediterranean Medal is available on The Register: <a href="http://www.boerwarregister.com">www.boerwarregister.com</a>.<br /> <p></p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-4158181015058758752023-06-01T00:30:00.002+01:002023-10-12T23:13:19.404+01:00The King's South Africa medal, it's clasps and issue regulations<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSf3xU5lB-CBWOFVuJxhydBFsdY4bHSsxBlRPMnW8rh1My4d4Wtd9bCxU4cFnM_zPNrOevSWtCFkfN8ap5kMTJxKq06HiSRDu55IA4VNIk1AvhnPYjZOvr2i_4AsQ0Q8bAqoy6drnroSNzm0HBk0-Z-vJcgtlDEXhkikRqeDUhlw3yXvdjkivYmkLb_Q/s345/CR%20KSA.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="345" data-original-width="159" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSf3xU5lB-CBWOFVuJxhydBFsdY4bHSsxBlRPMnW8rh1My4d4Wtd9bCxU4cFnM_zPNrOevSWtCFkfN8ap5kMTJxKq06HiSRDu55IA4VNIk1AvhnPYjZOvr2i_4AsQ0Q8bAqoy6drnroSNzm0HBk0-Z-vJcgtlDEXhkikRqeDUhlw3yXvdjkivYmkLb_Q/s320/CR%20KSA.jpg" width="147" /></a></div><p>Queen Victoria died in January 1901 while the war raged on. Her son and
successor, King Edward the VII, decided he wanted to award a campaign
medal to mark the war that was ongoing when he came to the throne. </p><p>To
avoid the expense and complexity of issuing clasps for distinct actions,
of which there were many small ones during 1901 and 1902, it was
decided to just use date clasps of which there are two; South Africa
1901 and South Africa 1902. </p><p>To qualify for a KSA a recipient had to be
serving in South Africa in 1902 and have spent 18 months on war service
in South Africa. Service could be broken, for instance wounded or
debilitated soldiers sent to the UK for convalescence and then
returning. </p><p>The KSA was always issued with a clasp, except to nurses and
civilians. It is most commonly found with the two date clasps, to have
one clasp is rare and always needs to be verified on the medal rolls.
The KSA was almost always issued complete. In some circumstances where a
man had been issued the dates clasps off a QSA Supplementary Roll then a
KSA with no clasps was issued.</p><p></p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-77235403126685922622023-06-01T00:28:00.004+01:002023-10-12T23:20:12.675+01:00The Queen's South Africa medal, it's clasps and issue regulations<p class="Normal (Web)" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkacJIUd_bGChrSJ0Du49Y16f6gHpDBRHqUE638pzEuatyQUTqSo6tnwQPCYZ4pTYXQwWoTq6DwajfA1UBRwBhNwBHCU7_w5H8zE8IvsNVWMyPM7zViCyvYxXLhG3F67opdbTfpFHgHABEyIpC8Vz0lk3g0_S8zzoPpFPxRruX216VPYroG09bLkwcGg/s220/CR%20QSA.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="QSA medal" border="0" data-original-height="220" data-original-width="110" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkacJIUd_bGChrSJ0Du49Y16f6gHpDBRHqUE638pzEuatyQUTqSo6tnwQPCYZ4pTYXQwWoTq6DwajfA1UBRwBhNwBHCU7_w5H8zE8IvsNVWMyPM7zViCyvYxXLhG3F67opdbTfpFHgHABEyIpC8Vz0lk3g0_S8zzoPpFPxRruX216VPYroG09bLkwcGg/s16000/CR%20QSA.jpg" title="QSA medal" /></a>The
issue of the QSA can be complex. Each unit created a nominal roll and
entered the clasp entitlement. This was sent to the War Office for
checking who then created lists for the Mint who made the medals. The
first nominal rolls were completed from April 1901, this, the "Main
Roll", covered 24 clasps for the QSA. The two date clasps were not
issued on this roll. In October 1902 another roll was issued to allow
for the claim of the date clasps on the QSA (see below for issuing
regualtions). Known as the "Extra Clasp" roll the three state bars, Cape
Colony, Orange Free State and Transvaal could also be claimed on this
roll. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">For a unit there are usually more than one Main Roll and very many
Extra Clasp rolls. The movement of soldiers in and out of units during
the war made the completion of the rolls a difficult job. When verifying
a QSA medal entitlement is it is necessary to check both Main Rolls and
Extra Clasp rolls. If a man served in more than one unit, which is
common for colonial units, then it is necessary to check all the unit
rolls. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">A man could qualify for different clasps with different units;
for example a soldier in the Southern Rhodesian Volunteers would
typically qualify for the Rhodesia and Relief of Mafeking clasps. This
unit was disbanded in mid 1900. Many men then served in other units and
would earn clasps such as Transvaal and Orange Free State. The Main Roll
for the Southern Rhodesian Volunteers wouldn't show the Transvaal and
Orange Free State clasps because the roll was prepared before the man
earned them. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">In The Register you will see many Medal Roll references for
a soldier. Some records, though, where more than one unit in listed but
have only one Medal Roll reference are incomplete. This is because the
initial record was taken from one unit's Medal Roll which was annotated
with the other units this soldier served with. To trace through each
man's service on the Medal Rolls is a huge job. It is easier and quicker
to do one unit at a time. <br /></div>
<p class="Normal (Web)" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;"></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<caption>Twenty-six clasps were created for the QSA:</caption>
<thead>
<tr align="left" valign="top"><th id="th0C634F280000">Clasp</th>
<th id="th0C634F280001">Abbreviation</th><th id="th0C634F280002">Qualification</th></tr></thead>
<tbody><tr align="left" valign="top"><td rowspan="1">Belfast</td><td>Bf</td><td>All
troops who, on 26th or 27th August, 1900, were east of a north and
south line drawn through Wonderfontein (the garrison and troops
quartered at Wonderfontein on those dates did not receive the clasp),
and west of a north and south line through Dalmanutha Station, and north
of an east and west line through Carolina.</td></tr>
<tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Belmont</td><td>B</td><td>All troops under Lieut. General Lord Methuen's command who were north of Witteputs (exclusive) on 23rd November, 1899.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Cape Colony</td><td>CC</td><td>11th
October, 1899 to 31st May, 1902, inclusive, who had not received a
clasp for a specific action in the Cape Colony, or the " Natal " clasp.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Defence of Kimberley</td><td>DoK</td><td>All troops in the garrison of Kimberley between 14th October, 1899 and 15th February, 1900, both dates inclusive.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Defence of Ladysmith</td><td>DoL</td><td>All troops in Ladysmith between 3rd November, 1899 and 28th February, 1900, both dates inclusive.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Defence of Mafeking</td><td>DoM</td><td>All troops in the garrison of Mafeking between 13th October, 1899, and 17th May, 1900, both dates inclusive.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Diamond Hill</td><td>DH</td><td>All
troops who, on 11th or 12th June, 1900, were east of a north and south
line drawn through Silverton Siding and north of an east and west line
through Vlakfontein.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Dreifontein</td><td>D</td><td>All
troops with Army Headquarters, and Lieut. General French's column, i.e.
the left and centre columns, which advanced from Poplar Grove on 10th
March, 1900.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Elandslaagte</td><td>E</td><td>All
troops at Elandslaagte on 21st October, 1899, who were on the right
bank of the Sunday river and north of an east and west line through Buys
Farm.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Johannesburg</td><td>J</td><td>All
troops who, on 29th May, 1900, were north of an east and west line
through Klip River Station (exclusive), and east of a north and south
line through Krugersdrop Station (inclusive).</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Laing's Nek</td><td>LN</td><td>All
troops of the Natal Field Force employed in the operations and north of
an east and west line through Newcastle between 2nd and 9th June, 1900,
both dates inclusive.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Modder River</td><td>MR</td><td>All
troops under Lieut. General Lord Methuen's command who were north of
Honey Nest Kloof (exclusive), and south of the Magersfontein ridge
(exclusive) on 28th November, 1899.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Natal</td><td>N</td><td>11th October, 1899 to 11th June, 1900, both dates inclusive who had not received a clasp for a specific action in Natal.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Orange Free State</td><td>OFS</td><td>All
troops in Orange River Colony at any time between 28th February, 1900
and 31st May, 1902, inclusive who had not received a clasp for a
specific action in the Orange River Colony.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Paardeberg</td><td>P</td><td>All
troops within 7,000 yards of General Cronje's final laager, between
midnight of the 17th and midnight of the 26th February, 1900, and to all
troops within 7,000 yards of Koodoe's Rand Drift between the same
dates.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Relief of Kimberley</td><td>RoK</td><td>All
troops in the relief column under Lieut. General French who marched
from Klip Drift on 15th February, 1900, and all the 6th Division under
Lieut. General Kelly-Kenny who were within 7,000 yards of Klip Drift on
15th February, 1900.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Relief of Ladysmith</td><td>RoL</td><td>All troops in Natal north of and including Estcourt between 15th December, 1899, and 28th February, 1900, both dates inclusive.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Relief of Mafeking</td><td>RoM</td><td>All
troops under the command of Colonel Mahon who marched from Barkly West
on 4th May, 1900, and to all troops who were under Colonel Plumer's
command between 11th October, 1899, and 17th May, 1900, both dates
inclusive, and who were south of an east and west line drawn through
Palachwe.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Rhodesia</td><td>R</td><td>All
troops who were under the command of Lieut. General Sir F. Carrington
and Colonel Plumer in Rhodesia between 11th October, 1899 and 17th May,
1900, both dates inclusive, or who landed at Beira between 11th October,
1899 and the 25th May, 1900, both dates inclusive.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>South Africa 1901</td><td>SA01</td><td>All
troops who served in South Africa between 1st January, 1901, and 31st
December, 1901, both dates inclusive, who were not eligible for the
King's South Africa Medal.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>South Africa 1902</td><td>SA02</td><td>All
troops who served in South Africa between 1st January, 1902, and 31st
May, 1902, both dates inclusive, who were not eligible for the King's
South Africa Medal.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Talana</td><td>Ta</td><td>All
troops under Lieut. General Sir W. Penn Symon's command on 20th
October, 1899, who were north of an east and west line drawn through
Waschbank Station.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Transvaal</td><td>T</td><td>All
troops in the Transvaal at any time between 24th May, 1900 and 31st
May, 1902, inclusive who had not received a clasp for a specific action
in the Transvaal.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Tugela Heights</td><td>TH</td><td>All
troops of the Natal Field Force, exclusive of the Ladysmith garrison,
employed in the operations north of an east and west line through
Chieveley Station between the 14th and 27th February, 1900, both dates
inclusive.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Wepener</td><td>We</td><td>All troops engaged in the defence of Wepener between 9th April, 1900 and 25th April, 1900, both dates inclusive.</td></tr><tr align="left" valign="top"><td>Wittebergen</td><td>W</td><td>All
troops who were inside a line drawn from Harrismith to Bethlehem,
thence to Senekal and Clocolan, along the Basuto border, and back to
Harrismith, between lst and 29th July, 1900, both dates inclusive.</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>
These can be broken down into:<ol><li>The "state clasps": Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, Rhodesia and Transvaal.</li><li>The date clasps: South Africa 1901 and South Africa 1902</li><li>The Defence and Relief clasps: Defence of Kimberley, Defence of<br />Ladysmith, Defence of Mafeking and Relief of Kimberley, Relief of Ladysmith and Relief of Mafeking.</li><li>The remainder are known as "battle clasps".</li></ol>
There are rules for the award of the clasps:<br /><ol><li>No state clasp can be awarded if the recipient has been awarded another clasp for an action that took place in that state.</li><li>Defence and Relief clasps for the same siege cannot be awarded together.</li><ul><li>Belmont, Defence or Relief of Kimberley, Defence or Relief of Mafeking or Modder River occurred in the Cape Colony</li><li>Elandslaagte, Defence or Relief of Ladysmith, Talana, Laing's Nek and Tugela Heights occurred in Natal<br /></li><li>Dreifontein, Paardeberg, Wepener and Wittebergen occurred in the Orange Free State</li><li>Belfast, Diamond Hill and Johannesburg occurred in the Transvaal</li><li>There are no battle bars for Rhodesia</li></ul><li>The Cape Colony and Natal clasps cannot be awarded together.</li><li>The date clasps are awarded if the recipient served less than 18 months in South Africa and was present in 1901 and/or 1902.</li></ol><p></p>
<p class="Normal (Web)" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">The
QSA was awarded without clasps. Nurses and civilians were not allowed
to be awarded clasps even if they qualified for them. Soldiers guarding
Boer prisoners on St Helena were not awarded clasps either.There was no
qualifying time limit for the award of the QSA or any of the clasps
(subject to the rules for that clasps). The only rule was that the
recipient had to be on the strength of a unit to qualify for a clasp. A
soldier arriving in Cape Town and joining his unit in Pretoria would
only qualify for the Transvaal clasp despite travelling through the Cape
Colony and the Orange Free State. There are many anomalies to be found
on QSAs and the clasps fixed by the issuing authorities; the issuing
clerks did not always understand the rules and of course made errors. </p><p class="Normal (Web)" style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;"> Medals and clasps were very often issued in-complete. A soldier would
get his medal with state or battle bars attached and then some time
after, maybe years, the award of the date clasp(s) would be confirmed
and a loose clasp(s) sent to him. It was the responsibility of the
soldier to get the clasp affixed, many didn't bother, some did with
crude wire others attempted to replicate the riveting method used by the
Mint. This explains why you often find medals missing clasps or with
clasps fitted unofficially which casts doubt as to the validity of the
clasps. In these cases the medal rolls should always be consulted to
verify the clasps.</p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-14723075020961249562023-03-31T23:20:00.003+01:002023-03-31T23:32:00.338+01:00Battles of the Boer War - who was W Baring Pemberton?<p class="MsoNormal">Having recently read this book and been impressed by it's novel approach I wanted to know more about "W Baring Pemberton. The 1972 edition by Pan Books did not have the usual blurb about the author. <br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">Thankfully he was an active member of the community in West Sussex where he lived so I quickly learnt about an erudite man of varied interests. But, the first two-thirds of life were a blank. How could a name like "W Baring Pemberton" not exist in newspapers or even the census?<br /><br />I stumbled on his birth name, "Noel William Baring Pemberton" - Noel! or <span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">No</span><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ë</span><span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">l</span> - those four letters unlocked his life story.<br /><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF6x8X2E2kuXolGKrZdBizSR_KDbI_dAfvmZwdoKnmapH_Yl-MDwCit1CEz5duix5tLyfXJJGRCvMOpBM4k4f5PTsbU58TTwvvKeknlGd2_Y4aZBRUbT83tIFeqYBPcQuIAeznr3bSRVUg9KVLPIOjubrQNguO_3PWvApjT5i55hK9h3dYP-gcKeunHw/s2048/Baring%20Pemberton%20W%20Ancestry.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF6x8X2E2kuXolGKrZdBizSR_KDbI_dAfvmZwdoKnmapH_Yl-MDwCit1CEz5duix5tLyfXJJGRCvMOpBM4k4f5PTsbU58TTwvvKeknlGd2_Y4aZBRUbT83tIFeqYBPcQuIAeznr3bSRVUg9KVLPIOjubrQNguO_3PWvApjT5i55hK9h3dYP-gcKeunHw/w150-h200/Baring%20Pemberton%20W%20Ancestry.jpg" width="150" /></a></div>Noel William Baring Pemberton (left, from Ancestry) was born 13 December 1897 near
Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. One of six children born to Colonel WW Pemberton
and Adele MacDonald. Noel was educated at Wellington College and Oxford
University where he read History and Law. Noel married Mary Burder, they would
have two sons and a daughter. He passed his Bar Examination for Lincoln’s Inn in
October 1935 [The Times 18 October 1935]. He appears to have dropped his first
name “Noel” and published as “W Baring Pemberton”.<br />
<br />
He does not appear to have pursued a career in law, preferring a career in the
arts. In 1932 he was listed as a Director of Flicker Productions with studios
at Shepperton, they aimed to produce six “book movies” on “sport and
other subjects”. [Kinematograph Weekly 04 February 1932] In 1933 he was
credited with adapting a story for the film “Watch Beverley” (rated U). 1936
saw his first history book published, <i>Carteret, The Brilliant failure of the
eighteenth century</i> that was well received. A reviewer in Truth [3 June
1936] wrote “This is a book which will probably appeal more to historians than
to the general public, for although readable throughout, and is often enlivened
by strokes of Mr Pemberton’s dry and incisive wit, it assumes…a knowledge
greater than most lay readers are likely to possess.” Encouraged, he produced a
biography of Lord North in 1938 “directed at the serious historian and
specialist”. <br />
<br />
The outbreak of the Second World War interrupted his writing career, in 1940 he
took a post at Eton college teaching history. The end of the war bought another
chapter, he moved his family to West Sussex living at Morriswood, Holbrook,
Horsham and Manor House, Billingshurst. Not forgetting his law training he became a magistrate in Horsham, joined the local
Conservative Association. In 1949 he published a biography of William
Cobbett. In 1952 his first play “Cactuses and Kings” had its premiere at the
Court Royal, Horsham. The play had been written before World War II. Described
as a satirical comedy about King Boris who, in league with republicans, agrees
to stage a fake revolution forcing him to abdicate and live a comfortable life
in retirement with his “beloved cactuses” (sic). [The Stage 7 February 1952] I think he would have enjoyed the irony of his story with the reality the UK has suffered in recent years with the real life Boris. He
became Chair of the Theatre Royal Guild & Theatre Club. Just two years
later he published a biography of Lord Palmerston in 1954, again well received,
“a straightforward, informative, and readable life”. <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Noel’s art career expanded to broadcasting and he was
regular lecturer to local societies on historical topics. His talents extended
to music as an Associate of the Royal College of Music, a “talented pianoforte
player” [West Sussex Gazette 1 November 1956] , and painting joining the Association
of Sussex Artists. He was also a member of the Circle of Glass Collectors.<span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"> <br />
<br />
</span>1962 saw his first foray into military history with<span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span>“<i>Battles of the Crimean War</i>”,
noted for his “considerable research on both published and unpublished sources”.
Perhaps, encouraged by this work he became a member of the executive committee of
the National Army Museum. Working quickly his second military history work was
published in 1964, “<i>Battles of the Boer War</i>”.<br />
<br />
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR6unGVBt8nJUZ04u8ZvjckZTZnrZFMcOoWyzGXc_njbCuqyPabYdSgP1B4IAMyhZU0Go95sqPzJIubSHXFLt0kueBUDQ9i1ULhDJa4KQb_5aIQlu92JtmGYF-7i44aRqJme80uNE3Lx8AQFw6gLrGRO8vz7IIHbIBsKhUklM-8axq2HPqg7iJoXfKTA/s2160/Battles%20of%20the%20Boer%20War%20W%20Baring%20Pemberton.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2160" data-original-width="1392" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR6unGVBt8nJUZ04u8ZvjckZTZnrZFMcOoWyzGXc_njbCuqyPabYdSgP1B4IAMyhZU0Go95sqPzJIubSHXFLt0kueBUDQ9i1ULhDJa4KQb_5aIQlu92JtmGYF-7i44aRqJme80uNE3Lx8AQFw6gLrGRO8vz7IIHbIBsKhUklM-8axq2HPqg7iJoXfKTA/s320/Battles%20of%20the%20Boer%20War%20W%20Baring%20Pemberton.jpg" width="206" /></a></div>“<i>Battles of the Boer War</i>” is a slim volume of just 208 pages, not much
tree pulp and ink for nearly three years of intense warfare. However, Baring
Pemberton’s abilities at distilling information and organising facts is immediately
apparent. He has picked just five battles to analyse, not simply recount the
dates, movements, names and numbers involved. This is not a re-tread of what
you think you know about Belmont, Modder River, Magersfontein, Colenso and
Spion Kop.<br />
<br />
He sets out his stall with admirable honesty and intelligence. Admitting he “must
tend to be one-sided…. Unfortunately the best Boer accounts have never been
translated and I know no Afrikaans.” He ignores “nearly all accounts written by
‘Our Special Correspondent in South Africa’. Except when from the pen of
Winston Churchill, these are of little worth and deeply coloured by prejudice.
Accepted avidly by a jingoist British public, they passed into common currency
where they are still found.” A statement that rings true today for the “history”
written by the inheritors of the victory in 1910. A large number of personal
papers were read from key actors and witnesses such as Lord Methuen, General
Pole-Carew, Hughes-Hallett, Birdwood, Hubert Gough and a host of officers from
the artillery and infantry. In seeking balance he also corresponded with people
in South Africa. The result is a startling analysis of each battle in three
acts; prelude, (in)action, consequences. Criticism is freely offered and the recollections
of some, such as Buller, are forcibly rebuked.<br />
<br />
Baring Pemberton also earns praise for his treatment of the casus belli, “…it
was not as simple as that”. In just a few pages he clearly lays out the complexities
of the history, politics, economics and personalities that led to the invasion
of the British colonies. <br />
<br />
I think this book deserves a wide audience; it won’t break the piggy-bank. The
book was re-published in 1969, 1972 and 1975.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">W Baring Pemberton died 3 November 1966, not knowing the
success of his last book. He led a varied and interesting life and left a lasting
legacy. Thank you.<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0xytGDxTwFRYDi-nL8mPfVE0GoiAp6R_l4aLAyTD0CORu6P3is5qVoaLomSlGDEDFdV8VhRfEG028ksRRQivAs5XH1UEdTyV1p0XCVSHKt1Oi8Hnkifw_YMqEV_zsCsUPRewlIt3AkOGctdmpLM_gs45LqLs8RDmmlDARStY4MptPINiFHwmmvYgJNA/s576/Baring%20Pemberton%20W%20West%20Sussex%20County%20Times%2019540312.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="576" data-original-width="338" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0xytGDxTwFRYDi-nL8mPfVE0GoiAp6R_l4aLAyTD0CORu6P3is5qVoaLomSlGDEDFdV8VhRfEG028ksRRQivAs5XH1UEdTyV1p0XCVSHKt1Oi8Hnkifw_YMqEV_zsCsUPRewlIt3AkOGctdmpLM_gs45LqLs8RDmmlDARStY4MptPINiFHwmmvYgJNA/s320/Baring%20Pemberton%20W%20West%20Sussex%20County%20Times%2019540312.JPG" width="188" /></a></div> West Sussex County Times 1954 <br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br /><p></p>
<p></p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-4665121584822754172023-03-22T14:17:00.002+00:002023-03-22T14:17:26.466+00:00Sandy Grieve - the piper of Delville Wood<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhByu9TeLifM1vsO5LBH5IujyVsbGeSiHcS9jT8YIaTgXwaxjU1FLTFaRWNNO5Vm8jjE8CcWHNdy53AnaylaiOiE1cUoySBOHxdDrHZKm6T8f6BxEYGNOeM9TQ9JrNPYjgTptdMV5ENEANpz3z66DzRR8F0TMPogRtJDp9FeCtcKCy3ZFAy7Ihvh5_Ehw/s618/Grieve%20A%203618%20BW%20Dundee%20Evening%20Telegraph%2019151111.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="618" data-original-width="420" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhByu9TeLifM1vsO5LBH5IujyVsbGeSiHcS9jT8YIaTgXwaxjU1FLTFaRWNNO5Vm8jjE8CcWHNdy53AnaylaiOiE1cUoySBOHxdDrHZKm6T8f6BxEYGNOeM9TQ9JrNPYjgTptdMV5ENEANpz3z66DzRR8F0TMPogRtJDp9FeCtcKCy3ZFAy7Ihvh5_Ehw/s320/Grieve%20A%203618%20BW%20Dundee%20Evening%20Telegraph%2019151111.JPG" width="217" /></a></div><p><br />The story of Sandy Grieve piping the remnants of the South African infantry out of Delville Wood in July 1916 is well known and easily found on the web. Little is given of his military career before World War 1 except for a few brief lines that he had served in the Anglo-Boer War 1899-1902 and "During the Battle of Magersfontein on the 11th December, 1899, he would
not forget the Boers in a hurry, as he was wounded through both his
cheeks.". This has been picked up an copied by many:<br /><br />https://jocks.co.za/2022/06/12/pipe-major-alexander-sandy-grieve-d-c-m-and-lament-of-deville-wood/<br />https://samilhistory.com/2018/11/09/the-black-watch-and-the-delville-wood-lament/<br />https://theblackwatch.co.uk/blog/soldier-stories/a-pipe-major-delville-wood-and-the-black-watch/</p><p>See also: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jF-8vdl5QFw<br /><br />This blog will give more detail on Sandy's earlier military career and correct one error that has been simply repeated.<br /><br />Alexander "Sandy" Grieve was born about 1869 in Largo, Leven, Fife, Scotland. As an 18 year old blacksmith he enlisted into the Royal Highlanders (Black Watch) on 21st November, 1887 at Cupar. He had also worked as a gamekeeper on the Mounie estate. Completing his training he was posted to the 2nd bn on 18th February, 1888 stationed in the UK. In October 1891 he was appointed a piper and later that year after four years service he opted to complete the mandatory 12 year enlistment with "the colours", and not go onto the Reserve as he would have been entitled to do.<br /><br />He earned a good conduct badge and extra pay in 1889 and 1893, but lost it in June 1894 for a minor, unrecorded, indiscretion. Between July and August 1894 he was absent for 15 days and when he returned to duty he lost his second good conduct badge and extra pay. He finished 1894 reverting to the rank of Private and he opted to transfer to the Reserve after all. He married and had children.<br /><br />On the outbreak of war in South Africa he was re-called for active service on 7th October, 1899 and posted back to the 2nd battalion with the rank of Private. The Black Watch, as part of the Highland Brigade were promptly shipped off to South Africa.<br /><br />The Highland Brigade's first battle was indeed at Magersfontein and we can assume Sandy was there, but, he was not wounded at Magersfontein. Following their mauling at Magersfontein the Highland Brigade did not see action until February 1900 where they helped corral some 4,000 Boer under General Piet Cronje against the Modder River at Paardeberg. They attacked on the 18th February, 1900 crossing the river and enabling troops to get closer to the besieged Boers. It was here at Paardeberg that Grieve was wounded by a bullet that entered the left side of his jaw and exited on the right. Recuperating at hospital he contracted enteric<br /><br />Sandy was posted back to the Depot in Scotland in June 1900, his war in South Africa was over. He was discharged November 1900 after completing the minimum 12 years service. He was awarded the Queen's South Africa medal with the clasps <i>Cape Colony</i> and <i>Paardeberg</i>. On his return he was feted by his neighbours at Mounie, Oldmeldrum.<br /><br />Sandy emigrated to South Africa and settled at Heilbron working as a blacksmith. When the 1914 Rebellion broke out Sandy refused to shoe the horses of the rebels and was imprisoned and ordered to be shot. His employer who sympathised with the rebels nonetheless argued for Sandy's release which was achieved in three weeks. Sandy and his two sons volunteered and served in German South-West Africa. At the conclusion of that campaign he volunteered for overseas service. </p><p></p><p>According to <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/51016/51016-h/51016-h.htm" target="_blank">The Pipes of War</a> Sandy was awarded a DCM in 1918.<br /><br />Sources:<br />Casualty Roll - <a href="http://www.boerwarregister.com" target="_blank">The Register</a><br />Buchan Observer and East Aberdeenshire Advertiser 17 July 1900<br />Dundee Evening Telegraph 11 November 1915<br />Dundee Courier 11 November 1915<br />WO97 Service papers</p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-21269916438738869572023-03-11T22:42:00.007+00:002023-03-12T18:21:15.623+00:00Casualties - don't simply trust newspapers<p>A recent post on eBay selling a QSA to Pte 6374 J Cooper, 1st bn Oxfordshire Light Infantry has again highlighted the need to double check a source.<br /><br />The seller had found a newspaper report listing Pte Cooper has having died at Bloemfontein on 8th December, 1900. The seller notes, "I have been unable to find out any further information on him."<br /><br />As the compiler of the most correct <a href="http://www.boerwarregister.com" target="_blank">casualty roll for the war</a> I had to check this out. There is no record on The Register for Pte 6374 J Cooper, 1st bn Oxfordshire Light Infantry. Just to be sure, I re-checked the official casualty roll, the medal roll, <a href="https://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=UKArmyRegistersEffects" target="_blank">Soldier's Effects</a>, <a href="https://www.angloboerwar.com/other-information/105-graves-and-memorials/2046-bloemfontein-cemetery" target="_blank">Bloemfontein Memorial Wall</a>, no mention of Pte Cooper.<br /><br />I looked in detail at the news paper report from the Reading Mercury, 15th December, 1900:<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIdaLNCW7-51-DtSrv18HeuOBwelog1SMlS1uVC2TJEqM6IC0N8uNumic4SuLJKgZ9fZwGIlJtzOMsGqw1LpDHHTFwbQPR4T91QKOqaxcFAqKaQDvyye3EG78qmtfQKwfby63CzJS4BACv9UU0ln4x1U7XIZHHIcalnjhPjn8eOfqaUHN2kIt3jPRF0g/s1062/Capture.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="212" data-original-width="1062" height="64" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIdaLNCW7-51-DtSrv18HeuOBwelog1SMlS1uVC2TJEqM6IC0N8uNumic4SuLJKgZ9fZwGIlJtzOMsGqw1LpDHHTFwbQPR4T91QKOqaxcFAqKaQDvyye3EG78qmtfQKwfby63CzJS4BACv9UU0ln4x1U7XIZHHIcalnjhPjn8eOfqaUHN2kIt3jPRF0g/s320/Capture.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><p>There are four names shown, one is false. Pte 5960 W Bennett did not die from disease either, he lived to collect a King's South Africa medal (unfortunately he was killed in 1915). I did a further check on the names inscribed on the <a href="https://www.graves-at-eggsa.org/main.php?g2_itemId=709450" target="_blank">memorial wall at Heilbron</a>, Stopp and Merry are mentioned but Bennett is not.</p><p>It is possible Pte Cooper's death was misreported, but there is no evidence he lived into 1901 or 1902 - he did not receive clasps for these years, or a King's South Africa medal.<br /><br />I have not come across very many examples like this, which is good, but all the same the news must have been distressing to family and friends of the soldiers concerned. <br /><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-10461395022336057632023-02-02T19:35:00.003+00:002023-02-02T19:35:30.101+00:00JP Tinling - Administrator of the Annexed Transvaal<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Garamond",serif;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2wSS18D5EhKxitUNKQSfDYcsumNes_eCqClFNWHG_E6-7L0JcDMbLkY4Ui6Av6MHh7W04q5FwhpWFY678KvVTSN7aqkdVmwh-pOmWs6HinsZWhhCzKpIDoz4ovgaeh49mtsDjOntxOOhLf-lpQcDaYa9ZrRn4FTvfii5pUO4A4RqZ1KN2wrwLnZvkYA/s3227/Tinling%20JP%20obv.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3227" data-original-width="1204" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2wSS18D5EhKxitUNKQSfDYcsumNes_eCqClFNWHG_E6-7L0JcDMbLkY4Ui6Av6MHh7W04q5FwhpWFY678KvVTSN7aqkdVmwh-pOmWs6HinsZWhhCzKpIDoz4ovgaeh49mtsDjOntxOOhLf-lpQcDaYa9ZrRn4FTvfii5pUO4A4RqZ1KN2wrwLnZvkYA/s320/Tinling%20JP%20obv.jpg" width="119" /></a></div><p>The QSA medal roll give the information that JP Tinling was a “Civilian Conductor of Watchmen” attached to the Army Service Corps. There is just one name on the page, the roll was prepared in the War Office, London on September 1, 1903, the signature is indistinct. The medal was despatched nine days later. The single name on a page prepared in London by a person (presumably an Army officer) not necessarily connected with the war suggests a personal approach by JP Tinling himself. The whereabouts of the correspondence between Mr Tinling and the War Office is unknown.</p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRL-ffGee7Jpv2UdUWH-sKRmrYZ8TiJb2JVMzurBekZfs6FOAUaYCBfLUcCSO0zF3VDk0UaTila7Q7JVfIiH0VdXtZr8vPOioSIwwOHSANJlXhaSoyoyt1nSNkm9Kpc_FXR-cO9oCk7NGPU5GitJJq9rrzXqCxE5qXkZO9zhyhzWw1S1wgMvRIoUDwHw/s1256/Tinling%20JP%20rim.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="263" data-original-width="1256" height="67" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRL-ffGee7Jpv2UdUWH-sKRmrYZ8TiJb2JVMzurBekZfs6FOAUaYCBfLUcCSO0zF3VDk0UaTila7Q7JVfIiH0VdXtZr8vPOioSIwwOHSANJlXhaSoyoyt1nSNkm9Kpc_FXR-cO9oCk7NGPU5GitJJq9rrzXqCxE5qXkZO9zhyhzWw1S1wgMvRIoUDwHw/s320/Tinling%20JP%20rim.JPG" width="320" /></a><p>Back in 2017 when I started researching the medal the first port of call for researching a civilian living in South Africa was NASA (National Archives of South Africa), an excellent source. There were a number of hits for a “John Parr Tinling” from the Transvaal Archives and a couple from the Natal and Cape Archives.</p><p> </p><p>John Parr Tinling was born in 1851 in Bath, Somerset to Edward Douglas and Catharine Maria (nee Elton) Tinling. His father was a Vicar and would later be Canon of Gloucester Cathedral and worked for HM Inspector of Schools. He baptised his son in his own parish of Walcot, Somerset. John was educated at Winchester College and Christ Church, Oxford. When he went travelled to southern Africa is not known. He next appears in Pretoria having been a appointed a clerk in the Governor’s Office on May 31, 1879. The Transvaal had been annexed by Britain on April 12. He was still working there on November 10, 1880 when the archives record he acknowledged receipt of legal documents. The next day hostilities began when armed Boers disrupted an auction of goods seized by the British administration trying to recoup unpaid taxes. Outright war broke out shortly afterwards and Pretoria was besieged by the Boers.<br /><br /> In 1881, Britain had lost the war and the Transvaal regained independence. John is effectively unemployed but the Natal Archives hold a letter from Cpt Henry Hallam Parr, CMG, 13th Foot (a senior soldier in South Africa) recommending him for a position in the Natal government. Henry was a cousin on his mother’s side. He appears to have been successful but it is not known exactly what job he held. In September 1881 John was in Kimberley and wrote to Lord Chelmsford who had led the British invasion of the Zululand in 1879. It is not known exactly in what capacity John was writing to this controversial soldier, but it is obvious he admired him greatly:<br /><br /></p><p style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"> “..But if the Govt, at home can make a mess of Colonial affairs they will do it.<br /><br />Ever since the day when you gave up the command of the troops to Sir Garnet Wolseley, the management of S. African affairs has become involved in a hopeless muddle…for the settlement of Zululand was so bad, that it is only a question of time when the next Zulu war will break out.<br /><br />These are not my opinions only, they are those of the Colonists of South Africa – men who will persist in their belief, despite the denial by the Colonial Office at home, that there was only one man who could have brought this country safely through all its troubles, and that was Sir Bartle Frere.” [Lord Chelmsford and the Zulu War, The Hon G French DSO, Pen & Sword Books 2014 pp246-247]<br /></p><p>In 1889 John is back in the Transvaal where he marries Rebecca Bourhill, daughter of JCH Bourhill of De Beers, Kimberley, on January 19 at St Mary’s, Johannesburg. In December 1892 a daughter was born in Lichtenburg, two years later a son was born in Doornfontein, Johannesburg. It is not known what he employment he found on the Rand but he fell foul of the authorities, Transvaal Archives record the Public Prosecutor taking action against John in 1894 and 1895. In December 1896 he applies for a permit to purchase a “government gun” (a Mauser presumably) on the same terms available to Transvaal citizens. There the trail goes cold, we know war broke out three years later. Whether John and his family had to leave the Transvaal as refugees or had left before the exodus in September 1899 is not known.<br /><br />During the war he found employment as Conductor of Watchmen – in charge of guards, probably Africans. It is not known whether he was in the Cape Colony or Natal or how long he held this post. In 1901 he was in London, recorded by the census as a boarder, his profession given as “agent/speculator” living on “own means”. John returned to Cape Town, by 1907 he was working in the Cape Colony Customs Department, later working for the Statistical Bureau.<br /><br />In WW1 his son Douglas Edward volunteered and served with the 4th SA Infantry. He was killed on September 21, 1917 and is remembered on the Menin Gate, Ieper. Douglas’ medals were sold by City Coins in 2017 with the QSA to JP Tinling in separate lots but noted as “father & son”.<br /><br />Within a year John was dead, he died of influenza at Claremont, Wynberg on June 22, 1918. He was buried in Plumstead Cemetery, Wynberg.<br /><br />In the Transvaal Archives is a photograph of 19 men, “residents of Pretoria” they have dated to 1880-1881. Only 15 are named: G Lys, A Bates, F Jeppe, Troye, JP Tinling, G Hudson, F Stiemans, Jorrisen, Palmer, Davis, Swart, H Nourse, H Bousfield, J Swart, (M)S Melville.<br /><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-pS-5_pN87gTsY_JI942HPxDatEnn6lcRzgYxzagBO8DWu8Gm1BiB9AFgHOVRGm8ytWtl0Ita-4uJ9xD0NvRWwf6oE8e17qezry6AvGCP-905aS7BCVirE-9V9sstPF6eIXOzN_Y2ZELR9qid3xD-I6MpIZnBr-qIE-OALOxBZQgwLK8Rmc1pnLX0vg/s2319/TAB_Jan18_002%20identified%20attempt%20crop.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1926" data-original-width="2319" height="333" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-pS-5_pN87gTsY_JI942HPxDatEnn6lcRzgYxzagBO8DWu8Gm1BiB9AFgHOVRGm8ytWtl0Ita-4uJ9xD0NvRWwf6oE8e17qezry6AvGCP-905aS7BCVirE-9V9sstPF6eIXOzN_Y2ZELR9qid3xD-I6MpIZnBr-qIE-OALOxBZQgwLK8Rmc1pnLX0vg/w400-h333/TAB_Jan18_002%20identified%20attempt%20crop.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p>Those so far identified:<br />HB Bousfield – first Bishop of Pretoria</p><p>G Hudson – Cape Colony civil servant, appointed Colonial Secretary, Transvaal February 1880<br /><br />FH Jeppe – Surveyor-General<br /><br />EJP Jorrissen – attorney-general dismissed 1878, adviser to SJP Kruger and PJ Joubert<br /><br />Nourse H – helped raise Kimberley Light Horse, Cpt Ferreira’s Horse, commanded Transvaal Mounted Rifles, Nourse’s Horse in ABWI. In ABWII Lt-Col Chief Staff Officer Cape Colony forces.<br /><br />Troye – probably Gustav A Troye German born cartographer<br /><br /><b><u>The surname Tinling.</u></b><br /><br />Gerald French quoted “one John Parr Tinling” writing to Lord Chelmsford. Some pages earlier French notes that Chelmsford’s mother was Anna Maria Tinling. He does not make the connection. John’s grandfather was Rear-Admiral Charles AS Tinling (1765-1840) whose brother was William Tinling (1749-1836) who was Anna Maria’s father. John and Lord Chelmsford are second cousins. Although a select quote, I believe the tone of the letter John wrote to his second cousin is more familial than business.<br /></p><p></p><br /><br /><p></p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-50225025592221721732022-12-14T23:12:00.001+00:002022-12-16T17:36:39.967+00:00Imperial Yeomanry - Natal clasp<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGeTHId2WA1IzvEsfUK9I4RslSDXMtp9oavfEQnemaIWxLg1zlm-5Mnix5P2KOYrvhmTmEwfKmFGRGpsWfvFnE237pMp6-P1QpFA_CB8JywelPYK8jLQCk2FY-_03q1Z9We6a1_0lNGKykvsbJZcjkiEkcihV7P5lg75Ur8wxvdz9jz522WE_1QoDwDg/s3957/Grant%20P%2025542%20IY%20obv.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3957" data-original-width="1897" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGeTHId2WA1IzvEsfUK9I4RslSDXMtp9oavfEQnemaIWxLg1zlm-5Mnix5P2KOYrvhmTmEwfKmFGRGpsWfvFnE237pMp6-P1QpFA_CB8JywelPYK8jLQCk2FY-_03q1Z9We6a1_0lNGKykvsbJZcjkiEkcihV7P5lg75Ur8wxvdz9jz522WE_1QoDwDg/s320/Grant%20P%2025542%20IY%20obv.JPG" width="153" /></a></div>The Natal clasp to the Imperial Yeomanry (IY) is the seventh scarcest clasp issued to the IY with 59 men marked on the medal rolls as entitled. See my blog post on the <a href="https://theangloboerwars.blogspot.com/2021/02/imperial-yeomanry-table-of-clasps.html" target="_blank">clasps issued to the IY</a><br /><br />The IY never fought as a unit in Natal so how did it's members come to be entitled to the clasp?<p></p><p>The <i>Natal</i> clasp was issued for service in Natal between 11th October, 1899 and 11th June, 1900, both dates inclusive who had not received a clasp for a specific action in Natal. It could not be issued with the <i>Cape Colony</i> clasp, see <a href="http://www.casus-belli.co.uk/index.asp?PageId=140" target="_blank">QSA Clasps</a>.<br /></p><p>The majority (49) of the IY <i>Natal</i> clasps were issued to the 20th (Fife and Forfar) Company, IY. <br /></p><p>Of the the others, two awards can be understood even if the circumstances are not clear from available sources:</p><p>Squadron Sgt-Mjr 4617 MHF Harrison, 41st (Hampshire) Company earned two rare battle clasps for the IY, one of two <i>Relief of Mafeking</i> clasps and <i>Natal</i>.
He was a veteran of the 16th Lancers and men of his cavalry experience
were attached to the relief force, but not usually from the IY. How he
earned his <i>Natal</i> clasp is a not known. But is possibly related to the Relief of Mafeking, a good portion of the relief force came from Natal.<br /><br />Pte 10269 HJ Pedley 56th (Buckinghamshire) Company, his service papers and medal rolls show entitlement to <i>Cape Colony</i>, <i>Orange Free State</i> and <i>Transvaal</i>. However, one roll, WO100-126p105 (56th company) shows the award of <i>Wittebergen</i>, <i>Transvaal</i>, and <i>Natal</i> referencing a letter that would show the reason why but, unfortunately this letter is lost.<br /></p><p>The other eight awards are debatable with the available evidence:</p><p>Lt-Col RGW Chaloner, OC 1st bn Imperial Yeomany who sailed in March 1900 apparently earned the Belmont clasp (action of November 1899) and the <i>Cape Colony</i> and <i>Natal</i> clasps (mutually exclusive). He is also credited with <i>Wittebergen</i> which could be correct.</p><p></p><p>Seven members of the 47th (Duke of
Cambridge's Own) Company who had been captured at Lindley and later released (one escaped)
finding their way to Ladysmith in Natal by July 1900<i>. </i>Did they
enter Natal before the cut-off date of 11th June, it seems unlikely and
in any case were they "on the strength of a unit" to qualify, if so
which unit? They all earned the <i>Cape Colony</i> clasp which is mutually exclusive with the <i>Natal</i> clasp. <br /><br />So, what about the men of the 20th company? They were part of the Second Contingent IY raised early in 1901. A newspaper report in February 1901 reported, "According to present arrangements the drafts will not go to Cape Town, but to Durban [Natal]. From thence they will be sent to Germanstown, which lies between Johannesburg and Pretoria." (The Courier 05-02-1901) The organisation and despatch of the Second Contingent was chaotic as well described by Will Bennett in his history of the IY, <i>Absent-Minded Beggars</i> (Leo Cooper 1999). Will does not mention this plan to land in Durban and proceed inland from there, so perhaps it was not put into practice.<br /><br />The Shipping Lists are annoyingly vague in 1901 on the composition of the IY embarking for South Africa. A reason for this is that Second Contingent men were shipped in penny packets of about 50, so men from a number of companies embarked together. We know from IY service papers these men embarked about February 25th, this coincides with the sailing of the Orotava from Southampton. The Orotava docked at Cape Town, did it go on to Durban or did the men change ships?<br /><br />A letter (St Andrews Citizen 11-05-1901) from an unnamed Fife & Forfar trooper confirms they landed in Durban and details their journey to join the 20th company resting at Bloemfontein. It is not explained why they didn't travel from Cape Town to Bloemfontein, a more direct route. Other Second Contingent men for the 20th company landed at Cape Town. The men landing at Durban took the rail route north through the recent Natal battlefields. At Newcastle, "we got the order to load our magazines and get ready - we got 100 rounds - for any emergency that might arise". Did this duty in anticipation of an attack satisfy the requirement of "on the strength of a unit" in Natal? The Boers did not attack and their train journey continued. They reached Bloemfontein on April 4th. Unfortunately their date of arrival in Durban is not mentioned. Two days later they began their work joining a column, their first night on the veldt was "spent on the wet ground. All the time the rain was pelting like mad, for a South African thunderstorm is a terrible thing." Welcome to the war. <br /><br />The letter shows the men did indeed go to Natal and we know the purpose was simply to join their company in Bloemfontein. But, why Durban and not Cape Town is not at all clear.<br /><br />Is the award of the <i>Natal</i> clasp understandable or debatable? Neither, the award must fall into the "not justified" category as their arrival was clearly after the cut off date for the clasp of 11 June, 1900. I was recently able to inspect one of the medals, that awarded to Trpr 25542 P Grant. The medal is clearly as issued, all the rivets are as perfect as one could hope for. </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibNPmiIjlkkhuupJRbDIvvK7Gk7-wSpQ22TildAsUSyN9dU2HfX2ydIZVe9dzya3e2yBYO4f-Wz8afxLfy0x_2L0EbqcPty_HYx2KLIk3dxLMYk01jvNaTqE--5lwfE_OWrDEveIo3ah2tgH-JU8P0De3nU8x6DOKITfrQkh70o7vD1qqzBU9rdwOnUQ/s1497/Grant%20P%2025542%20IY%20rivets.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="713" data-original-width="1497" height="152" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibNPmiIjlkkhuupJRbDIvvK7Gk7-wSpQ22TildAsUSyN9dU2HfX2ydIZVe9dzya3e2yBYO4f-Wz8afxLfy0x_2L0EbqcPty_HYx2KLIk3dxLMYk01jvNaTqE--5lwfE_OWrDEveIo3ah2tgH-JU8P0De3nU8x6DOKITfrQkh70o7vD1qqzBU9rdwOnUQ/s320/Grant%20P%2025542%20IY%20rivets.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsxtRsi_Xb4PnRP-FV_yb90etKPQu8qE50f8Qv_PW2ZaZR7Z-bNHYdWpL2Tc5_9g4S4Xl-KHJSST5j7UU5DcmAZMzgQIQmSKLKUp9Xn4PMinL7QOvk74uwR-AsUtJz2CZbLd9BxX-vAVoiamBBgGd-cgRUJVOsqbMkyqd8iyaRSCJVsD0IkEAKkoHNJA/s720/Grant%20P%2025542%20IY%20rim.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a></div><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLzFb5G4wx6K6iuSjoiVCtLSuqLFYA-CudFxUfjFVTwEyQwNagtVRpMDOlndh_RqSfXEuCIoeRz_WJdRCA3DXDvPU8co_4iKyLYuxaPAeS7JdLqo14fEaCSGwLyhC6_9iQssnaDdYkMobOuEtUEw4sshDg94aXQ7xEXmK5gq2u44qb6oXEmtKBBgaZQA/s720/Grant%20P%2025542%20IY%20rim.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="382" data-original-width="720" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLzFb5G4wx6K6iuSjoiVCtLSuqLFYA-CudFxUfjFVTwEyQwNagtVRpMDOlndh_RqSfXEuCIoeRz_WJdRCA3DXDvPU8co_4iKyLYuxaPAeS7JdLqo14fEaCSGwLyhC6_9iQssnaDdYkMobOuEtUEw4sshDg94aXQ7xEXmK5gq2u44qb6oXEmtKBBgaZQA/s320/Grant%20P%2025542%20IY%20rim.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p>From this it is clear there was no doubt when the medal was issued that the medal roll entitlement was correct. Other clasp entitlements, notably for <i>Wepener</i>, were challenged and one can see this clearly on the medal rolls. There was no attempt to recall these clasps as was seen with other issuing errors.</p><p>Of the 59 awards just six have been recorded on the market, four of the 20th company and SSM MHF Harrison's DCM group.<br /></p><p><br /></p><p></p><p><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></p><p><br /></p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-32722906389120513912022-11-09T17:21:00.002+00:002022-11-09T17:22:23.048+00:00A Russian on Commando. The Boer War Experiences of Yevgeny Avgustus.<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: 8.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: 0cm;">Edited
by Boris Gorelik</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: 8.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: 0cm;">Jonathan
Ball Publishers, Jeppestown, South Africa 2022</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: 8.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: 0cm;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: 8.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: 0cm;">ISBN
978-1-7761-9136-9</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: 8.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: 0cm;">ebook
ISBN 978-1-7761-9137-6</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTrtJYk57FU9pOK9G9w-MtHVD4vtmQSQgYMLzJRDZuagsGfLzZCbdcwmeeC3bDeEZi8Duq7wZVJ_NFqc2DKJ8hm8gSvF0JTlpbnR6UYDBt6rHIIkuhbodtWgGnHbBXj0WWjzwPo8uo3iWhUEEmQIldYWnQhExxwO373begPFeP-vT6_QeKSQYxeLZHaA/s280/A%20Russian%20on%20Commando.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="280" data-original-width="187" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTrtJYk57FU9pOK9G9w-MtHVD4vtmQSQgYMLzJRDZuagsGfLzZCbdcwmeeC3bDeEZi8Duq7wZVJ_NFqc2DKJ8hm8gSvF0JTlpbnR6UYDBt6rHIIkuhbodtWgGnHbBXj0WWjzwPo8uo3iWhUEEmQIldYWnQhExxwO373begPFeP-vT6_QeKSQYxeLZHaA/s1600/A%20Russian%20on%20Commando.jpg" width="187" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">‘I will have to kill these people, even though they did not
cause me the slightest harm!’</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Not the best thought with which to enter a war perhaps, but
that was the reaction of a Russian as he encountered a friendly Englishman who
had just rescued his pith helmet from the waters of the harbour at Lourenco
Marques, Portuguese East Africa in January 1900.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Russian was Yevgeny Augustus, a proud officer of the
Imperial Russian Army. Yevgeny was one of a few thousand volunteers who
travelled thousands of miles to southern Africa to join the two Boer republics
in their war against the Imperial British Empire.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Yevgeny wrote about his experiences and these have been
translated into English (done well by Lucas Venter) and expertly edited by
Boris Gorelik. Yevgeny’s memoirs were spread across a book and newspaper and magazine
articles that have been expertly combined into one. A portion of <a href="https://theangloboerwars.blogspot.com/2016/04/a-russian-fighting-for-boer-cause.html" target="_blank">Yevgeny’s memoirs were published by Boris in 2016</a>.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Yevgeny writes well and honestly providing an insight into
his motives, the effort of getting to southern Africa and then his war experiences;
no one escapes criticism. One is left with a question; “Why did he go to war
for countries and a people he had no stake in, no future with, nothing to gain
and everything to lose?”</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Yevgeny’s honestly consider his motives; the Boer fight for “freedom
and very existence” appealed (although he was not a republican and remained
committed to Imperial Russia until his death in battle, Boris concludes he was “a
staunch monarchist”) and “there is an opportunity to smell gunpowder not on the
training ground..but..in mortal combat”. He was bored of peace time soldiering.
The war in southern Africa was a convenient opportunity for Yevgeny “to go off
in search of another field of activity if the close confines of everyday life
oppress him”. It is easy to reach the conclusion that if there had a been a war
in Europe, closer to home, he would have fought there. The Balkan Wars of the
1870s attracted about 4,000 Russian volunteers, 10 times more than travelled to
southern Africa.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">From the moment Yevgeny left Russia in December 1899 the
journey to South African Republic (SAR) presented moments of reflection,
insight and new information as to what lay ahead. With fellow volunteers they travelled
to Brussels to SAR’s representative in Europe, Dr WJ Leyds, to get papers that
would allow him to cross into the SAR. Dr Leyds explained, he himself felt
unable to directly recruit volunteers in Europe out of respect for Belgium’s
official position of neutrality over the war. One theme sustaining the Boer
fight was the false hope Europe (including Russia) would intervene on their
side tipping the military balance in their favour. Clearly, this was always a
slim prospect. <br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">From Brussels they travelled to Marseilles to board a ship
for Lourenco Marques via Madagascar and Beira. In Beira he met many Englishmen,
“who had abandoned their affairs in Rhodesia… They all struck me as prime
candidates for the gallows.. After I got to know them more closely, I spent several
pleasant moments in the company of these gentlemen, who had lived through all
manner of trials and tribulations.” The power of honest conversation. There
were many Europeans there, like the English, seeking a fortune one way or
another from gold mining in Rhodesia and the SAR.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">One such entrepreneur, a German from Alsace, gave Yevgeny
the benefit of his experiences through his brother who, “was also stupid enough
to go fighting for the Boers as a volunteer, and now I got his last letter in
which he says that the Boers give the foreigners the cold shoulder, look down
upon them, that’s how dizzy their recent victories have made them. You have to
pay out of your own pocket for your kit, shoes, clothes and provisions, and I
doubt if you have a lot of money left after your <i>partie de plaisir</i>’
[pleasure cruise].”</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">He also freely offered his opinion and advice, “Remember
never to believe the newspapers when they accuse the British of everything and
depict the Boers as some Old Testament patriarchs. Once you get there, you’ll
understand things better and change your convictions. You’ll realise that this
war was caused by the Boers’ hatred of all other nations and their fear of
losing their oligarchic form of government in their struggle against new and
alien elements. On both sides you’ll see the most unbridled greed and
narrow-minded egoism conceivable. But in any case, my sympathies are with the
English, because they and they alone brought the light of culture and
civilisation to these shepherds, who spend all their time singing psalms and
reading the Bible…I feel sorry for you, young man, so take my sincere advice:
go home before it’s too late”.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Yevgeny ignored this man’s advice and travelled on, crossing
the border at Komatipoort. The Boers he encountered there were “very unkindly,
to tell the truth”. At Lourenco Marques there was confusion whether they would
need to pay their train fare to Pretoria. Yevgeny decided not to trust the
rumour and bought a second-class ticket. At Komatipoort, some French volunteers
claimed a free ticket. Yevgeny complained to the station master and was offered
a free upgrade to first-class. Further down the line at Waterval Boven the
station master there refused to recognise the upgrade and demanded eight
shillings from a frustrated Yevgeny promising him the fare would be refunded at
Pretoria by the director of the railway. At Pretoria the director explained
there was no such refund policy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Finally, Yevgeny arrives at the Natal front in late January
and attaches himself to the Krugersdorp Commando. His first battle experience
is that of Vaalkrans in early February. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Travelling
through northern Natal he notes the destruction wrought by the Boer invaders in
Newcastle, which had not been defended by the British; the town “seemed
completely lifeless. Everything around us bore the signs of ruthless, senseless
destruction: ruins, the heaps of rubbish and bricks, the oppressive silence of
the deserted streets and squares, recalled the darkness of the Middle Ages,
when wars were characterised by savage hostility between peoples, when it was
considered inadequate merely to rout the enemy in an open field and every
victory was accompanied by looting, destruction and the wreaking of violence
upon peaceful, unarmed civilian”. Betraying a naivety born out of an idealistic
view of the war fostered in European coffee houses and bars, also surprising
for a professional soldier, he pondered how such a state of affairs could exist
“in our age of civilisation and progress”. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Now Yevgeny’s narrative turns to warfare and it is apparent
the foreign volunteers, like Yevgeny, who thought their professional training
would be of use, begin to question what they can contribute beyond simply
adding an extra rifle to the firing line. Not the role for a European trained
officer. The Boers needed no lessons in military engineering, especially their
ability to dig concealed trenches “as though guided by some deeper instinct”. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">However, he had reason to doubt the commitment of Boers and foreign
volunteers to a fight to the finish. In the desperate battles on the Tugela
Heights he felt many Boers “had probably dispersed, believing that the cause
was lost”. On the final day, February 27<sup>th</sup>, he counted seventeen of
the Krugersdorp Commando still present. The retreat north was dispiriting, Yevgeny
found some Hungarians who had fled the Tugela Heights before the final battles,
nicely set up “the owners of a squat little tent and a wagon with all sorts of
goods – canned food, saddles, blankets and the like.” </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Amidst the chaotic retreat of the Boer forces in Natal, the
foreign volunteers began to think of forming their own units to conduct guerrilla
operations at which they felt they could excel. Once again lofty ideals did not
materialise, the “Russian Corps” failed due to a lack of Russians, so they became
36 Europeans. For some ego was primary, of the two Germans, a Prussian officer
was given command of a German Baron on the promise that German and Dutch recruits
would be placed under his command. It was not the foreign volunteers who would
shine but the Boers, “the flawless guerrilla operations of De Wet, De la Rey
and Botha will make their way into tactical handbooks.”</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Yevgeny was wounded and captured in the defence of Pretoria
in June 1900. Spared from being sent to a POW camp in Ceylon by the intervention of the Russian military attaché with the British
forces he was back on duty
with the Russian Army in August 1900.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">These memoirs are an invaluable addition to the literature on
the war. Yevgeny provides many insights on the complete journey, physical and
mental, of a foreign volunteer. His honest assessment and opinions shine a
light and make obvious the complexities of a war keenly debated today.<br /></p>
<p></p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-62999039701806695952022-09-26T15:09:00.001+01:002023-05-12T17:06:25.510+01:00"Odd Men" British Cavalry in South Africa 1899-1902 exhibit, OMRS 2022 Gold Medal winner<p>For the first physical convention since the Pandemic I was pleased to present an exhibit using more data compiled from The Register.</p><p>"Odd Men" focuses on officers and soldiers from the regular British cavalry who served in the war but not with their parent regiment. Very often they earned different clasps making those medals prized by collectors. I analysed the clasp entitlements for the regiments, those that deployed and those that didn't to produce a spreadsheet allowing "odd men" to be easily spotted.</p><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirH6wjpsW0Xdqy04z1BLUVoqEdXImzErqOOAxVd-_AOXtx2YW7L-Qh3XPpjBCRtpXg8C-psWt1lHonhEf1OrMx8yLzpLo3wOZCVBjnOf1F_FLjleh5h4_kv1NzOfCVApqyaEquHd2ue2Zn5cH9kA1Hpou_cE-N0DNaszXNFMNDiCTLU5WDjOxOkF8qBA/s2755/Odd%20men%20display.jpeg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Odd Men display" border="0" data-original-height="2755" data-original-width="2160" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirH6wjpsW0Xdqy04z1BLUVoqEdXImzErqOOAxVd-_AOXtx2YW7L-Qh3XPpjBCRtpXg8C-psWt1lHonhEf1OrMx8yLzpLo3wOZCVBjnOf1F_FLjleh5h4_kv1NzOfCVApqyaEquHd2ue2Zn5cH9kA1Hpou_cE-N0DNaszXNFMNDiCTLU5WDjOxOkF8qBA/w314-h400/Odd%20men%20display.jpeg" width="314" /></a></div>The pdf of the panels in the display is <a href="http://www.casus-belli.co.uk/pages/Odd Men British Cavalry 1899-1902 Meurig Jones.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.<p></p><p>The "Odd Men" Identifier - a spreadsheet of regiments, clasp entitlements and more is <a href="http://www.casus-belli.co.uk/pages/Odd%20Men%20Identifier%20v2.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh05WUGUUGb8fCjoPZ4szzUxVUTJCwYdXNpURgKZH03jJ7-U7bxtK4VAZ8mAry29KkSXGiMehbg4xS8zsRsIoo7b3T6jTMMDY-q_YAaLxt6bzWN4lnBBjjLrwRPjgp316HMEBztAPNSSbs6wCdLDtZkq6wxeD4L-Gy90V0EngIbQaLdJ2L6glx3ctD6vA/s3840/Odd%20Men%20gold%20medal.jpeg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="Odd Men Gold Medal" border="0" data-original-height="3840" data-original-width="2160" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh05WUGUUGb8fCjoPZ4szzUxVUTJCwYdXNpURgKZH03jJ7-U7bxtK4VAZ8mAry29KkSXGiMehbg4xS8zsRsIoo7b3T6jTMMDY-q_YAaLxt6bzWN4lnBBjjLrwRPjgp316HMEBztAPNSSbs6wCdLDtZkq6wxeD4L-Gy90V0EngIbQaLdJ2L6glx3ctD6vA/w225-h400/Odd%20Men%20gold%20medal.jpeg" width="225" /></a></p><p></p><br /><p><br /></p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-357876956719001572022-07-19T11:02:00.000+01:002022-07-19T11:02:28.452+01:00X-Ray Expert<p> In the QSA rolls for the medical services, roll WO100-227 page 134 is simply titled "X Ray Expert".</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiMS-qPtAUZO_PiI41Il8e5AEAAj6kz2BLnug7ovYcGLi1BalW3SmMYIz262jjuAInqXmitz2t1aOTozUuroxNRQVa-v6ZQT05uDBcY1SfbQ_PToxMs59hKIUCENBG6Wm3VfYMD7EP0b5u-SWo4Be4WbqQ4FoZcxnjMyVEp4wEf2AfEPWnq68r4iibNQ/s733/WO100-227.34%20snip.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="149" data-original-width="733" height="65" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiMS-qPtAUZO_PiI41Il8e5AEAAj6kz2BLnug7ovYcGLi1BalW3SmMYIz262jjuAInqXmitz2t1aOTozUuroxNRQVa-v6ZQT05uDBcY1SfbQ_PToxMs59hKIUCENBG6Wm3VfYMD7EP0b5u-SWo4Be4WbqQ4FoZcxnjMyVEp4wEf2AfEPWnq68r4iibNQ/s320/WO100-227.34%20snip.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p>There is just one name on the page: Eachus, Thomas Eedis.</p><p>The X-ray was a very recent discovery made by Conrad Rontgen in 1895. He immediately realised the X-ray could be useful in medicine. From 1896 medical doctors and scientists began developing the X-ray for doctors to use. </p><p>During the war both sides used x-ray machines. There are many hits on-line for "x-ray in the boer war", you can see a picture of an xX-ray machine in use <a href="https://www.maryevans.com/history/x-ray-work-in-the-boer-war-11111823" target="_blank">here</a>. Professor JC de Villiers wrote an overview article "The origins and early use of radiology in South Africa" which can be <a href="https://sajr.org.za/index.php/sajr/article/view/1548" target="_blank">downloaded</a>. However, TE Eachus' name does not figure in these sources or on-line searches connected with the war.<br /><br />There is indeed a <a href="http://eachus.co.uk/eachus/getperson.php?personID=I539&tree=tree1" target="_blank">Thomas Eedis Eachus</a> (1878-1931) who was not a doctor but an electrical engineer and I believe is the "X Ray Expert" although no direct evidence has been found to substantiate this. Known as Eedis, he was born in Sydenham, Kent in 1878, his father George Eedes was a civil engineer. Eedes was just 21 when war broke out in 1899. I have not traced his education, the last census before the war in 1891 he is a 13 year old scholar living in Forest Hill, south London. He does not appear to have gained any professional qualifications, nonetheless appears to have been a very competent and successful electrical engineer.<br /><br />Eedis sailed for the war on 10 March, 1900 aboard SS Avoca with 10 General Hospital, he is described again as "X-ray Expert". He was perhaps working for a company that supplied X-ray machines and was sent out to maintain the machine. He worked in the Cape Colony, Orange Free State and Transvaal. The QSA roll is signed at 9 General Hospital, Bloemfontein in September, 1901. Eedis stayed on into 1902 as he earned a King's South Africa medal, his rank on this roll is "X-ray expert". How wonderful if that was inscribed on the medal.</p><p>Back in the UK, in December 1903 at the Enfield Church Day Schools Grand Bazaar he gave a "most attractive as well as instructive" presentation on the use of X-ray "in surgical operations, especially in relation to bullet wounds received in war"; something of which he had first hand knowledge. In 1905 he was granted a patent with a George Howard Nash for "Improvements in Cut-outs for Overhead Electrical Conductors." to make overhead trolley wires safer when they break. Eedes enjoyed sports, he played cricket for Enfield and was a member of the Bush Hill Park Golf Club, Winchmore Hill, London.</p><p>By 1911 Eedis is living in St Albans, Hertfordshire working for the Western Power Company. He later worked for the North Metropolitan Electric Power Supply Company. </p><p>In February 1917 Eedes was commissioned Temporary Lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve for his electrical skills. In April 1918 he was put to work on <a href="https://msmhsmaritimehistory.weebly.com/hydrophones.html" target="_blank">hydrophone</a> research and development. Again Eedes was working on new technology, the hydrophone had only been invented in 1914. Once more he was successful in his work and was awarded an OBE in 1919 for "carrying out pioneer work in connection in which his electrical knowledge was invaluable". His report in ADM-337/123/244 noted: "Possess tact and firmness. Has greatly helped development of the Special Trawler Flotillas attached to Southern Patrol Force." <br /></p><p>In 1929 be became a Joint Managing Director of the newly formed <a href="https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Young_Accumulator_Co" target="_blank">Young Accumulator Company Ltd</a>. The <a href="https://archive.commercialmotor.com/article/14th-june-1935/54/young-accumulator-company-1929" target="_blank">1935 AGM</a> reported success of the company's "Super Armoured Battery" for use in electric vehicles, the report noted the batteries could be re-charged overnight; sound familiar? <br /></p><p>In June 1918 Eedes married Nancy Lilias Bayford, they had one son, George T Eachus who was killed serving in the Royal Navy in 1943. </p><p>Eedes died 11, August 1931 in East Molesey, Surrey. <br /></p><p><br /></p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-8952482110478474902022-01-23T21:27:00.000+00:002022-01-23T21:27:11.047+00:00Medals "returned as protest, not wanted"<p> <span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh a8c37x1j fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v b1v8xokw oo9gr5id hzawbc8m" dir="auto"></span></p><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">In December 1936 a veteran of the Anglo-Boer War and World War 1 returned his medals to the War Office. The reason is not recorded and one can hazard a guess why a veteran would return his DCM (WW1), QSA, KSA and 1914-15 Star trio in December 1936.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">The veteran was James Galoska (or Gasloska), Sergeant 4125 2nd bn Somerset Light Infantry, later RQMS <span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh a8c37x1j fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v b1v8xokw oo9gr5id hzawbc8m" dir="auto">20218 6th bn Somerset LI</span>. </div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Born 1875 St Pancras, London, son of Charles and Christina Galoska. His father was Prussian and worked as a commission agent. His mother was from Orkney. He enlisted 08-06-1894 at Devonport, a member of the Devon Artillery Militia. After 12 years exemplary service James was discharged 07-06-1906 at Exeter, intending to live in Toronto Canada at 119 Wellington Street West, Toronto, where his mother and sister lived.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">AT some stage he returned to the UK and in 1914 enlisted again. He went to France in 1915. In 1917 he was awarded the DCM, "For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He has performed consistent good work throughout and has at all times set a splendid example."</div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Demobilised 08-03-1920 in Germany to serve with the Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission. On <span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql lr9zc1uh a8c37x1j fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d3f4x2em iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v b1v8xokw oo9gr5id hzawbc8m" dir="auto">14-12-1936 the War Office recorded the return of the medals "in protest". They were scrapped on</span> 01-09-1942. The object of the protest is unknown.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaWKeEF1y0mlF4X7l9BbruyWMSkgi8OC1kXZSkLeSrJcLfDDxz1nph0kcDSP4fKKGeeNAFCoxhFsfS-h6qZeIc15uC1EUVmqV_acAuK5cjqT88cBfx9EXa1pu-Q8_UzMhmaw_qeFTppfGHndarYfEUqLSxyx64wBF1S-tnByqkfsLYpFMIZhcuhYZHPQ=s362" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="45" data-original-width="362" height="50" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaWKeEF1y0mlF4X7l9BbruyWMSkgi8OC1kXZSkLeSrJcLfDDxz1nph0kcDSP4fKKGeeNAFCoxhFsfS-h6qZeIc15uC1EUVmqV_acAuK5cjqT88cBfx9EXa1pu-Q8_UzMhmaw_qeFTppfGHndarYfEUqLSxyx64wBF1S-tnByqkfsLYpFMIZhcuhYZHPQ=w400-h50" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Note on the KSA roll WO100-323p148. Crown Copyright, The National Archives, London.<br /></div></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"></div></div><div class="cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql o9v6fnle ii04i59q"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">James appears to have worked as a clerk for Lloyd's Bank, King's Cross Branch, London. He died in London in 1955.</div></div><p></p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-91043896589592790852021-02-24T19:18:00.002+00:002021-02-25T08:58:28.518+00:00The Composition of the British Army's regular infantry regiments in 1899<p>It appears to be a popular misconception amongst many interested in the war that the regular British Army infantry regiments were as their geographical titles suggest populated by men from that area; Highland regiments were full of Scotsmen, Irish regiment for Irishmen and so on. For some on-lookers they have a false narrative that the war was prosecuted by Irishmen, Scotsmen, and then Welshmen, while the English looked on. Such a view fulfills the simplistic notion that the British Empire simply coerced non-English peoples to do their dirty work leaving drunken aristocrats to enjoy the fruits of war. Of course, the truth is far more complex and, for some, painful if such people took the time to reflect on their own ancestors.</p><p>The Victorian Britons were highly mobile, the Empire would not have been formed otherwise. Just as they ventured across the globe so they travelled the length and breadth of the British Isles, some didn't move far at all, but enough did to create cosmopolitan cities and towns. Most travelled for work and a better life, agricultural slumps in the late 1800s sent many men from the south-west of England to the coal fields and steel factories in South Wales. A number of these men enlisted into the Army joining "Welsh" regiments such as the South Wales Borderers. English industrial centres drew men from Ireland, Scotland and Wales.</p><p>The 1881 Cardwell Reforms gave the Infantry its distinctive geographical connections, the regiments converting from numbers to territorial titles. For instance, the 41st Foot became The Welc(/s)h Regiment. While contributing to the famous regimental <i>esprit d'corps</i> the territorial connection did not necessarily increase recruiting in many areas, especially rural areas. This gave the Army a problem, regiments covering rural areas were typically under-recruited and those regiments centred on large and towns and cities were over-recruited. To solve this recruits were sent to under-strength regiments. This means a native of London or Birmingham could and did, get sent to join a "Scottish" regiment. Regiments by their uniforms, mottoes and music gave the impression of being Scottish, Irish or Welsh. But you would as likely find an Englishman in the kilt and feather bonnet of the Seaforth Highlanders as you would a native of Inverness. Anyone who collects campaign medals will know from reading service papers how cosmopolitan the rural regiments can be.<br /></p><p>Dr Edward Spiers in his useful book <i>The Late Victorian Army 1868-1902</i> (Manchester University Press, Manchester 1992 (Sandpiper Books 1999)) illustrates this with figures collected in the <i>General Annual Returns of the British Army</i> (infantry, cavalry, artillery etc.) showing the nationalities of men serving in 1899:</p><p>
</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 223px;"><colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 5814; mso-width-source: userset; width: 119pt;" width="159"></col>
<col style="width: 48pt;" width="64"></col>
</colgroup><tbody><tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt; width: 119pt;" width="159">England & Wales</td>
<td align="right" style="width: 48pt;" width="64">76.60%</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Ireland</td>
<td align="right">13.20%</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Scotland</td>
<td align="right" class="xl69">8.00%</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Other and Not Reported</td>
<td align="right">2.20%</td><td align="right"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p>The Army is overwhelmingly English, the Welsh would have made up a small percentage had they been separated out. It would be good to see this data just for the Infantry.</p><p>To provide further evidence directly related to the Anglo-Boer War I used a dataset at my disposal; war memorials. The Victorian and Edwardians were great war memorial builders, a legacy inherited by the Georgians of the First World War. </p><p>The table below shows the number of fatalities for the war for the regiments designated as English, Irish, Scots and Welsh and their "nationality" derived from the location (England, Scotland etc.) of the "geographic war memorial" that they are named on. A "geographic war memorial" is one that links a man to a specific location such as a grave marker, a town memorial, a county memorial and in the case of Wales, the national memorial in Cardiff. I have excluded non-geographic memorials such as regimental and school war memorials. </p><p>War memorials are far from perfect records, some men appear on different geographic memorials; this is a minority though. A man commemorated on a memorial in England may have been born in Scotland. There are less geographic memorials in Ireland than other parts. Not every memorial has been recorded, but over 2,100 have. No one knows how many war memorials were ever put up. The data for Irish memorials is slim. This data is not perfect, but it is the best I know of for this type of study.</p><p>
</p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 713px;"><colgroup><col style="width: 48pt;" width="64"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 3620; mso-width-source: userset; width: 74pt;" width="99"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 4059; mso-width-source: userset; width: 83pt;" width="111"></col>
<col span="5" style="width: 48pt;" width="64"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 4352; mso-width-source: userset; width: 89pt;" width="119"></col>
</colgroup><tbody><tr height="40" style="height: 30pt;">
<td class="xl71" height="40" style="height: 30pt; width: 48pt;" width="64">Country</td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: medium none; width: 74pt;" width="99">Total Fatalities</td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: medium none; width: 83pt;" width="111">Total
Commemorated</td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64">England</td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64">Ireland</td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64">Scotland</td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64">Wales</td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64">% “foreign”</td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: medium none; width: 89pt;" width="119">% Fatalities
Commemorated</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl72" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; width: 48pt;" width="64">England</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 74pt;" width="99"> 9157</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 83pt;" width="111"> 3757</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64">3641</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64">8</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64"> 1</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64">107 <br /></td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64"> 3</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 89pt;" width="119"> 41</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl72" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; width: 48pt;" width="64">Ireland</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 74pt;" width="99"> 1154</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 83pt;" width="111"> 37</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64"> 28</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64">4</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64"> 0</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64"> 5</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64"> 89<br /></td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 89pt;" width="119"> 3</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl72" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; width: 48pt;" width="64">Scotland</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 74pt;" width="99"> 1752</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 83pt;" width="111"> 235</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64"> 175</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64">0</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64">52</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64"> 8</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64"> 78</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 89pt;" width="119"> 13</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl72" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; width: 48pt;" width="64">Wales</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 74pt;" width="99"> 609</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 83pt;" width="111"> 602</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64"> 71</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64">0</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64"> 0</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64">531</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 48pt;" width="64"> 12</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 89pt;" width="119"> 99</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><br /></td><td height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><br /></td><td height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p>This table tells us that for Welsh regiments, they lost 609 men, 602 or 99% are on a geographic memorial (for many this will be the Welsh National Memorial, Cardiff). Of the 602 men only 12% are not apparently Welsh, they appear on town or county memorials in England. There were only three Welsh regiments less than half the number of Scottish and Irish regiments. This could well explain the large percentage of Welshmen in the three regiments, or the Welsh National Memorial incorrectly claims men as "Welsh".<br /></p><p>For the Scots regiments only 13% of fatalities are on a geographic memorial but 78% are apparently not Scottish as they appear on geographic memorials in England and Wales.</p><p>Overall I believe this data correlates with that presented by Dr Speirs, only 8% of the Army in 1899 was from Scotland, war memorials tell us that 78% of men in Scottish regiments who died were not from Scotland. And the overwhelming number of fatalities in English regiments were Englishmen. If you know of a dataset to advance this research I would be pleased to learn of it.</p><p>But, perhaps the real message is that it is folly to ascribe labels based on assumptions and pre-conceptions and without any real evidence.<br /></p><p></p><p>
</p>
meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-31948032873375344982021-02-20T23:32:00.006+00:002022-12-14T23:12:34.174+00:00Imperial Yeomanry - Table of Clasps<p>This table only counts clasps to men who first served in the IY before serving in other units. This excludes men who served in other units first earning a clasp, such as Elandslaagte, and then transferring to the IY.</p><p>This blogs updates the information in British Battles & Medals (Hayward, Birch & Bishop, Spink 2006 7th edition) which states the IY only qualified for the Wittebergen battle clasp and, "other 'battle' clasps, [were] granted whilst attached to other units". This is clearly not quite accurate. <br /></p><p>The IY only qualified for three battle clasps in unit strength; Diamond Hill, Wittebergen and Johannesburg. The other battle clasps; Belfast, Dreifontein and Relief of Mafeking were earned by "odd men" and further work is required to understand exactly how these men came to earn the clasp.<br /></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 754px;"><colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 5814; mso-width-source: userset; width: 119pt;" width="159"></col>
<col style="width: 48pt;" width="64"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 19419; mso-width-source: userset; width: 398pt;" width="531"></col>
</colgroup><tbody><tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt; width: 119pt;" width="159">Cape Colony</td>
<td align="right" style="width: 48pt;" width="64">28,447</td>
<td style="width: 398pt;" width="531"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Orange Free State</td>
<td align="right">21,373</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Transvaal</td>
<td align="right">20,606</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Wittebergen</td>
<td align="right">2,302</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Rhodesia</td>
<td align="right">1,025</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Johannesburg</td>
<td align="right">575</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Diamond Hill</td>
<td align="right">539</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Natal</td>
<td align="right">59</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Belfast</td>
<td align="right">23</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Dreifontein</td>
<td align="right">8</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Wepener</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
<td> Relief Force, issued in error</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Relief of Mafeking</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Paardeberg</td>
<td align="right">1 <br /></td>
<td> GW Tindall, servant to the Earl of Errol, specially enlisted in the
Imperial Yeomanry</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Relief of Kimberley</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
<td> GW Tindall</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Belmont</td>
<td align="right">0</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Defence of Kimberley</td>
<td align="right">0</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Defence of Ladysmith</td>
<td align="right">0</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Defence of Mafeking</td>
<td align="right">0</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Elandslaagte</td>
<td align="right">0</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Laings Nek</td>
<td align="right">0</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Modder River</td>
<td align="right">0</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Relief of Ladysmith</td>
<td align="right">0</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Talana</td>
<td align="right">0</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td height="20" style="height: 15pt;">Tugela Heights</td>
<td align="right">0</td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p> </p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-58280118707637805742021-02-10T22:28:00.004+00:002021-02-16T21:25:33.115+00:00The Caroline brothers from Derbyshire<p>John and Tom Caroline of the 1st bn Derbyshire Rgt (The Sherwood Foresters) both served during the war. They were half-brothers, the sons of Jane Caroline who married in 1877 and is named on their service papers as next-of-kin “Mother Jane Heptinstall, 48 Pitt Street, Eckington, Derbyshire”. The census and family trees available on-line are confused, the clincher are the baptismal records which in both cases name Jane Caroline as an unwed mother. The boys lived with different branches of the family at various times.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0eedSgeL-Ik/YCw34LEcC3I/AAAAAAAALJ8/qGGGA_sG544kp4BCJ6AFykOcm0gTW0chACLcBGAsYHQ/s626/Caroline%2BT%2B4793%2BDERBY%2BAncestry%2BFamily%2BTree.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="626" data-original-width="420" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0eedSgeL-Ik/YCw34LEcC3I/AAAAAAAALJ8/qGGGA_sG544kp4BCJ6AFykOcm0gTW0chACLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Caroline%2BT%2B4793%2BDERBY%2BAncestry%2BFamily%2BTree.jpg" /></a></div>John was born in 1874 in Mosbro, Eckington and Tom (shown left) was born in 3rd February, 1877 in Rotherham, south Yorkshire. They enlisted within a week of each other in August, 1894 at Chesterfield, Derbyshire. John was 20 and Tom 17 (he claimed to be 18 on enlistment), they were both colliers. John was given number 4773 and Tom 4793. They were both posted to the 1st battalion in Dublin. John was posted the 2nd battalion in 1895 and went off to India and served on the North-West Frontier in the Tirah and Punjab Frontier campaigns of 1897-98. In October 1899 the 1st battalion was stationed in Malta, they received orders to embark for South Africa which were cancelled but then re-instated on October 31st. In the meantime the 2nd battalion had arrived from Aden and were in quarantine. On the 10th November John was posted to the 1st battalion joining his brother. The 1st battalion sailed from Malta on the 21st November.<p></p><p><br />In South Africa they would part company. Tom was selected to act as servant to Major-General Sir HL Smith-Dorrien, an officer of the regiment, now commanding the 19th Infantry Brigade (later promoted to command the 8th Division). Tom was with Smith-Dorrien throughout the campaign, serving at Paardeberg, Driefontein and Johannesburg.</p><p>The 1st bn had a fairly quiet war serving at Johannesburg and Diamond Hill. All would change in 1901 when they went on column in search of the Boers. Two companies of the regiment were part of Colonel T Dixon’s column when on 29th May they were attacked. The Boers set the veldt on fire and used the smokescreen to capture two guns, a bayonet charge by the Derbyshires and Kings Own Scottish Borderers recovered the guns but at a high cost, the Derbyshires lost 19 killed and 59 wounded. John was amongst the wounded, recorded as severely, fortunately he was able to return to duty.</p><p>Four months later the same column, now commanded by Colonel RG Kekewich (the defender of Kimberley), was in camp at Moedwil, western Transvaal. On the morning of 30th September they were attacked by about 1,000 Boers. The fighting was very severe, outlying picquets were quickly overwhelmed. Of one picquet of 12 men from the Derbyshires eight were killed and four wounded. Six men from the nine gun Maxim gun team were hit, one of the unwounded, Private W Bees, ran the gauntlet of Boer fire to get water for the wounded. He was awarded the Victoria Cross for his gallantry. Col Kekewich was wounded and command fell to the Derbyshire’s commander Col HC Wylly. After about two hours of intense fighting the Boers retired. The Derbyshires’ lost 17 killed and 44 wounded. Amongst the wounded the regimental history records “Pte 4793 T Caroline”, he is not listed in the Official Casualty rolls. Tom, though, was apparently elsewhere as Major-General Smith-Dorrien’s servant. Tom’s service papers do not record his wound. However, on John’s service papers he is recorded as wounded at Moedwil, so he was wounded for a second time in the war. John was invalided to England on the 8th October, 1901. He recovered quickly and was back in South Africa in early May 1902.</p><p>In September 1902 both were transferred to the Reserve to complete their 12 year enlistment. Tom stayed in South Africa, he took his transfer in the Marico district of the western Transvaal. John returned home to England in April 1902.</p><p>John returned to the mines, on the 1911 census he is recorded as a “coal hewer” boarding in Eckington. He may well have served in WW1 as Pte 3144 and 240917 1/6th bn Notts &Derbyshire Rgt, earning the 1914-15 Star trio. He died in 1929.</p><p>According to the Ancestry Family Tree Tom became a policeman in Bulwayo, Rhodesia. He married an English born lady in southern Africa before they returned to the UK in 1904. On the 1911 census he is a “colliery deputy (below ground)” living at Killamarsh, Derbyshire with a wife and adopted son. They went on to have four children, including a son called Horace Lockwood Smith Dorrien after his boss in the war. Tom died in 1949. </p><p>The splendid picture of Tom is reproduced here courtesy of Cyril Michael Knight.<br /><br /></p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-9090111925722153332021-01-10T22:46:00.003+00:002021-01-18T12:34:46.709+00:00Connie, Mrs Kruger: The Story of a Nurse<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5CVxFTFqrTM/X_uDh4DaPqI/AAAAAAAALDE/kUXuetfP5kE5NUFvvJF5WS5qRp4GwPvAgCLcBGAsYHQ/s2946/Lloyd%2BEC%2BWelsh%2BHosp%2Bnaming.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1068" data-original-width="2946" height="145" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5CVxFTFqrTM/X_uDh4DaPqI/AAAAAAAALDE/kUXuetfP5kE5NUFvvJF5WS5qRp4GwPvAgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h145/Lloyd%2BEC%2BWelsh%2BHosp%2Bnaming.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><p><span> </span></p><p><span>I first met
Connie in 1990, introduced by her nephew the Rev John P Lloyd. The Rev Lloyd
had answered a request I had made for information about families in the
Anglo-Boer War, I think. Through him I go to know about Connie, her older
sister Marion (born Mary Ann), two brothers and a cousin who served in the war.
Passing on letters and photographs about the Welsh Hospital where Connie and
Marion worked I headed to West Wales and the Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru in
Aberystwyth – that’s the National Library of Wales. I spent a delightful day
going through the papers of the Welsh Hospital and a splendid photo album. This
research resulted in two articles published in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Soldiers of the Queen</i></span> (Victorian
Military Society) in 1991, the Lloyd Family at War and a history of the Welsh
Hospital. Not imagining there would be more, I put the Rev Lloyd’s
correspondence and my notes in the cupboard.
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>Unexpectedly
Connie re-appeared in 2007 with a man called Jonathan Collins, I was slow off
the mark and she quickly departed for a life in Australia. I was gutted. To
console me I had recently become friends with one of her colleagues from the
hospital, Lt & QM George Manship RAMC, who was mentioned in despatches for
his work with the Welsh Hospital. In contact with her Australian owner I was
promised first refusal. Patiently I waited and waited, then in December 2020 the
call came – Connie was available. Quicker than you can say “arafwch nawr” (slow
down!) Connie was on the plane back to the UK.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Safely home I
began to get to know Connie better, reviewed the Rev Lloyd’s correspondence,
and she has revealed herself to be more interesting than I could imagine. From
my original research I knew she came from a large family in West Wales, she had
trained as a nurse and volunteered to serve in the Welsh Hospital. A patient,
or at least a frequent visitor, was a man named Kruger, a “nephew” (later
described as a “relative) of President Kruger, Oom Paul himself. Connie would
marry Mr Kruger, it was detail I paid little attention to 30 years ago.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Connie (Edith Constance) was born
28<sup>th</sup>, August 1875 at Llandygwydd, Cardigan, West Wales. Her parents
John and Rachel owned a 250 acre farm called Penalltybie, which exists today.
Connie was the eighth of ten children, eight lived into adulthood. The family
were well off, Connie was educated at the Welsh Girls School in Ashford,
Middlesex. Initially the Welsh Charity School founded in 1716 in Clerkenwell,
London and moved to Ashford in 1856, becoming all girls in 1883. The school
shut in 2009 becoming a boys school. After school she trained to be a nurse at
Bristol General Hospital. On 16<sup>th</sup>, March 1900 she joined the Princess
Christian's Army Nursing Service Reserve, number 430. This may have been
prompted by her joining the Welsh Hospital which was formed in March 1900. </span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span>The Welsh
Hospital was privately funded, the medal roll lists 44 staff. As it would work
closely with the RAMC the commander was a soldier, Major JW Cockerill, RAMC.
They left England on 14<sup>th</sup> April and arrived in Cape Town on 3<sup>rd</sup>
May. They immediately entrained for Bloemfontein then in the grip of the
typhoid epidemic claiming tens of lives every day. By 18<sup>th</sup> June
three members of the hospital had died. Connie and Marion’s brother Trpr 9303
AP (Percy) Lloyd IY died in Bloemfontein on 3<sup>rd</sup> July. They were at
his bedside; “We have spent a very, very sad and miserable day today” Marion
wrote home. The hospital moved briefly to Springfontein then back to Bloemfontein
before moving again to Pretoria where it was attached to No 2 General Hospital.
On 30<sup>th</sup> September 1900 the Welsh Hospital was handed over to the
RAMC to become an Officer’s Hospital. The Hospital was very highly regarded,
1,127 patients were treated in five months, only 10 died and no amputations
were performed. In addition to MIDs, a CB, CMG were awarded and Marion was
awarded the Royal Red Cross. Most of the staff returned home in October, Marion
stayed on as Matron of the Officer’s Hospital and Connie stayed on too moving to 5 General Hospital, Cape Town.
Death still stalked the Welsh Hospital staff, the founder, Professor Alfred
Hughes, died shortly after his return. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>In November 1901
Marion wrote to her sister Cis (Margaret); “Who do you think is a patient of
mine now, but Capt Kruger, oh Cis, the more I see of that man, the more
objectionable he is to me, & of course, seeing so much of nice refined men,
his lack of good breeding gets on my nerves most terribly”. Why Marion thought
to be so frank about a patient was that her younger sister, Connie, was rather
fond of “Capt Kruger”; “she writes to Mr K now, is sending him a photo”, but
worse, “she never told him she was engaged”. Apparently Connie was engaged to
“Charlie” and Marion was outraged; “I consider Connie a most vain, conceited,
& selfish little flirt”. Marion said she would write to “Charlie”, that
must have been some letter. Connie’s romance with “Capt Kruger” would develop
into a serious relationship. Tragically though Marion would know none of it,
she died of enteric on 17<sup>th</sup> December, 1901, the fifth member of the
Welsh Hospital to die. Presumably Connie attended her funeral as she had done
for her brother Percy in Bloemfontein.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wUQViBxVDg4/X_uDVYj6JrI/AAAAAAAALDA/1P6DatjwJxg4Yc07q6jVvsyH3FtM7QG3QCLcBGAsYHQ/s650/The%2BSketch%2B19031208%2B1.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="571" data-original-width="650" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wUQViBxVDg4/X_uDVYj6JrI/AAAAAAAALDA/1P6DatjwJxg4Yc07q6jVvsyH3FtM7QG3QCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/The%2BSketch%2B19031208%2B1.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>“Capt Kruger” was
Jacobus Myburgh Kruger, an officer in the British Empire forces, first with the
Imperial Yeomanry Scouts, Provisional Transvaal Constabulary then with C
Division South African Constabulary, sometime attached to Military
Headquarters, Pretoria. Lt Kruger was captured at Rhenoster Camp on 7<sup>th</sup>
June, 1900, and subsequently released. Jacobus was born in Fort Beaufort, Cape
Colony in 1871. The connection to Oom Paul is not immediately obvious.<p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Connie earned a
KSA and presumably returned to the UK after the end of the war. In 1903 Jacobus
travelled to the UK and on July 23rd they got married in London at All Souls’
Church, Langham Place, her brother the Rev John (Jack) E Lloyd co-officiated
the service. The reception was held at the Langham Hotel, one of London’s best
hotels to this day. Their wedding made the social newspaper <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Sketch</i> under the title “A Notable
Wedding”. The honeymoon was spent in Europe, did they visit Oom Paul in exile
in Europe? They returned to Africa to settle in Swaziland where Lt Kruger must
have been stationed with the SAC. We next hear of Connie and Lt Kruger in
Johannesburg in August 1906 where he dies on the 15th. Unfortunately no cause
of death is recorded, they did not have any children.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Connie returned
to England in 1909 and became involved to some degree in the social and
political affairs of the day. On the 1911 census she is a visitor at The
Nurses’ Lodge, Colosseum Terrace, Regents Park, a home for <span>“temporarily disengaged” nurses. She is described
as a “nurse & suffragist”. Very interestingly all the professional women but
not the domestic staff have their occupation appended with “suffragist” or
“suffragette”. The Suffragette Campaign was reaching its height, in 1912
militant and violent tactics were employed and in 1913 Emily Davison famously
threw herself in front of the King’s horse at Epsom and died. I have not found
any evidence Connie was no more than a supporter of the Suffragette cause. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>In February 1914 she re-married. Her second husband was Lewis Patrick
(known as “Pat”) Cauvin, a trained telegraphist working his way up the ranks of
the Eastern Telegraph Company – the leading telegraph company in the world that
literally connected the British Empire. Neither Connie nor Lewis appear to have
served in WW1, they may have been in South Africa. They had a son, Lewis
Patrick Trevelyan (known as “Paddy”), born in 1915.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>After WW1 they appear on various shipping lists returning to the UK,
they lived in Eastbourne through the 1920s and into the 1930s. In 1937
tragically Connie’s second husband died at Farnborough, he was only 53 years
old. In 1939 Connie was living in Orpington, Kent. Her son had joined the
Colonial Service and was in Malaya, with the outbreak of war he joined the
Intelligence Corps. He was present at the fall of Singapore and escaped to join
the Chinese communists fighting in the jungle He died of a fever on the 12<sup>th</sup>
July, 1944 near Kambou, Johore and is commemorated at Kranji Cemetery, Singapore.
The last letter he wrote was handed to his cousin Dr JF Lloyd-Williamson after
the war by a British Army sergeant who had been with Paddy.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Sadly our next reference to Connie is her own death in February 1953 at
the age of 77 at Boscombe, Bournemouth. She had lived a very full life through
some momentous times and must have had a tale to tell.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>I am always indebted to the Rev JP Lloyd for making family papers
available which have provided so much super detail.</span></p>
meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-45920888612528008102020-09-12T22:33:00.005+01:002020-09-12T22:52:15.334+01:00The QSA and Other Medals<p> The <a href="https://omrs.org/" target="_blank">Orders and Medals Research Society</a> holds an annual convention. This year, because of the COVID-19 pandemic the convention was cancelled. One feature of the convention are the members' exhibits - a feast of medals and showcasing research with innovative displays. The exhibits are judged and prizes awarded. To continue the exhibits the OMRS organised a Virtual Exhibition.</p><p>Today was the end of the Virtual Exhibition and three awards were given, I was delighted to score Highly Commended in all three categories:</p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><u>Best Exhibit</u>: Winner Jim Kemp - The Fateful Night of 16th December
1910. High Commended: Chris Bacon - Mystery Bomber, and Meurig Jones -
The QSA and other medals.</span></p><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><u>Best Use of Technology</u>: Winner David Doorne - Let Not The Deep
Swallow Them Up. Highly Commended: Jonathan Smith - British Orders – The
Documents, and Meurig Jones - The QSA and other medals.</span></p><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><u>Best Overall Exhibit</u>: Winner David Doorne - Let Not The Deep Swallow
Them Up. Highly Commended: Jonathan Smith - British Orders – The
Documents, Meurig Jones - The QSA and other medals, Chris Bacon -
Mystery Bomber and Jim Kemp - The Fateful Night of 16th December 1910.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;">My exhibit illustrated how the QSA is the centre point of British military history. Men who earned the QSA served in campaigns from the Crimea to WWII, a period of 91 years. The most recent medal found to be awarded with a QSA is the 1953 Coronation Medal.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: inherit;">A PDF of the exhibit can be downloaded <a href="http://www.casus-belli.co.uk/pages/The QSA and Other Medals V2.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.</span></p><p><br /></p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-79328124696358778332020-09-12T10:34:00.000+01:002020-09-12T10:34:24.060+01:00Sgt Ellis - accidentally shot or murdered?<p>I was recently emailed by a family researcher in Australia asking if I could help clear up the mystery surrounding the death of Sgt 2616 John David Jones Ellis, 4th (militia) battalion Somerset Light Infantry. Sgt Ellis is recorded in the official casualty roll as "Accidentally shot by a comrade" on April 25th, 1900 at East London, Cape Colony.</p><p>My correspondent had found two British newspapers (<i>Bristol Mercury</i> 28-04-1900 and <i>Western Mail</i> 27-04-1900) stating that Sgt Ellis has been "deliberately shot" by a private "undergoing punishment drill". </p><p>Which source is correct, the official casualty roll or the newspaper, and can we determine who shot Sgt Ellis?</p><p>Court martial records do not as a rule exist for the war and Sgt Ellis' papers do not survive which is a shame. To answer these questions I looked at the QSA roll for the 4th bn Somerset Light Infantry to identify any men who had forfeited their medal for committing a crime. A number of men were noted on the roll as being returned to the UK as prisoners but one remark stood out: </p><p style="text-align: center;">"Forfeited medal on conviction by civil power, sentenced to penal servitude for life"</p><p style="text-align: left;">The man in question was Pte 5495 WJ Holloway.</p><p style="text-align: left;">Fortunately his papers survive and they are marked in red ink on two pages with the word</p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RbEZ2KU1yN0/X1yKXrITmEI/AAAAAAAAKls/73iO1tX2gjIR9Pd24oq_V0ByDRrXhSyzACLcBGAsYHQ/s303/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="130" data-original-width="303" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RbEZ2KU1yN0/X1yKXrITmEI/AAAAAAAAKls/73iO1tX2gjIR9Pd24oq_V0ByDRrXhSyzACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/Capture.JPG" /></a></div><br /> Holloway was discharged from the Army on the 24th August, 1900 following his conviction for murder presumably of Sgt Ellis.<p></p><p style="text-align: left;">The newspapers provide some background to Sgt Ellis' military career. He had been one of the battalion Permanent Staff suggesting he had frist served as a regular soldier. At the 1899 summer camp on Claverton Down Sgt Ellis was the battalion police-sergeant. He later was based at Bath recruting men to the battalion and then moved to the Depot at Taunton. Pte Holloway was recruited in Bristol in November 1899, the two probably did not know much of each other before the battalion left for South Africa.</p><p style="text-align: left;">The battalion was embodied for war service on 4th December, 1899. They did not go overseas until March 1900 disembarking at East London on 2nd April, 1900. Sgt Ellis was killed just three weeks later leaving a widow, they had been married for just two months.</p><p style="text-align: left;">The final proof that validates the usefulness of the medal rolls in this type of research comes with a newspaper report I found in the <i>Bath Chronicle & Weekly Gazette</i> (05-07-1900) detailing the court case. Pte Holloway pleaded guilty, he had shot Sgt Ellis in front of other defaulters. The defence tried to argue Pte Holloway did not know his rifle was loaded and cocked. Pte Holloway was sentenced to death with a recommendation for mercy which was granted. <br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;"> </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-15410750480543665722020-08-26T16:55:00.004+01:002022-08-16T21:22:29.693+01:00Who Was There? The Siege of Wepener April 1900<p>The clasp qualification states:</p><p>“All troops engaged in the defence of Wepener between 9th
April, 1900 and 25th April, 1900, both dates inclusive.”</p><p>The troops involved were from the Colonial Division with a small number of British regulars. The siege actually occurred a few miles west of the town in a specially chosen site bordering the Jammersberg Drift on the Caledon River. Wepener is in the Orange Free State, so this clasp is cannot be awarded with the <i>Orange Free State</i> clasp.</p><p>The clasp is sought after for the action it represents and the fact it was the second smallest issue of a clasp behind <i>Relief of Mafeking</i>. However, that does not make it rare in the market, medals with the clasps are frequently traded. The clasp also appears incorrectly on medals so it is essential to verify the entitlement before paying the premium this clasp attracts.</p><p>In November 2012 I completed a new Wepener roll published on <a href="www.boerwarregister.com" target="_blank">The Register</a><a href="www.boerwarregister.com" target="_blank"><span style="color: black;"></span></a>. This was the first digital roll ever published. A hardcopy roll was created by Stanley M Kaplan of Johannesburg which he privately printed undated. The Acknowledgements reads like a "Who's Who" in the history of QSA research; MG Hibbard, DR Forsyth and Diana Birch. The roll was assembled before the internet and databases existed for the masses. The approach was to read the medal roll for each unit known to be involved and pick out the entitled men, then follow leads from history books and sales catalogues for 'odd men'. Because the vast majority of clasps were awarded to men in colonial units creating the roll was more difficult. Very many colonials served in more than one unit and some medals correctly carrying the <i>Wepener</i> clasp are named to units that did not serve in Wepener. It can get confusing trying to cross reference medal rolls. Many served in units both of which were present at <i>Wepener</i>, such as 1st & 2nd Brabant's Horse. This raises the question; "With which unit did they serve at Wepener?", to resolve this you need access to the casualty rolls, enlistment dates in attestation papers (WO126 The National Archives) and discharge books (WO127 The National Archives). The Register has resolved a number of these discrepancies.<br /></p><p>In 2012 I had the advantage of computers and of course Kaplan's roll, which unwittingly contains some duplicates, I have removed these from the figures presented here for his roll. </p><p>The figures presented below represent updated knowledge on the <i>Wepener</i> clasp.<br /></p><p>
<u>British Empire Units at Wepener</u></p><p>
</p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: right; width: 679px;">
<tbody><tr height="40" style="background-color: lightgrey; height: 30pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; text-align: center;">
<td class="xl72" height="40" style="height: 30pt; width: 347pt;" width="463">Unit</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">HMG</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">The Register</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">Kaplan</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Brabant's Horse, 1</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">345</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">364</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">371</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Brabant's Horse, 2</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">459</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">469</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">470</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Brabant's Horse (1st Life Guards)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">3</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Brabant's Horse (19th Bengal Lancers)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Brabant's Horse (21st Lancers)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Brabant's Horse (7th Hussars)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Brabant's Horse (8th Hussars)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">2</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Brabant's Horse (Bedfordshire Regiment)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Brabant's Horse (Cape Garrison Artillery)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">3</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Brabant's Horse (Colonial Scouts)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">3</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Brabant's Horse (Liverpool Regiment)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Brabant's Horse (Loch's Horse)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Brabant's Horse (Oxfordshire Light Infantry)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">2</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="background-color: lightgrey; height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td class="xl72" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Brabant’s Horse – sub-total</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">804</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">852</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">841</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Cape Mounted Rifles</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">520</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">521</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">517</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Cape Mounted Rifles (Cape Medical Staff Corps)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Cape Mounted Rifles (Garrison Artillery Royal)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">4</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Cape Mounted Rifles (Staff)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="40" style="height: 30pt; mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td class="xl74" height="40" style="border-top: medium none; height: 30pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Cape Mounted Rifles (Kitchener's Galloping Maxims (Field
Artillery Royal))</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="background-color: lightgrey; height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td class="xl72" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Cape Mounted Rifles – sub-total</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">520</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">528</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">517</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Colonial Defence Force Staff</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Driscoll's Scouts</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">56</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">47</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">78</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 23;">
<td class="xl77" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Driscoll's Scouts (Frontier Mounted Rifles)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">9</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 24;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Driscolls Scouts (Queenstown Rifle Volunteers)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">3</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 25;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Driscoll's Scouts (Xalanga Border Mounted Rifles)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="background-color: lightgrey; height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 26;">
<td class="xl72" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Driscoll’s Scouts – sub-total</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">56</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">60</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">78</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 27;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Kaffrarian Rifles</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">393</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">418</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">423</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 28;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Kaffrarian Rifles (Cape Garrison Artillery)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 29;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Kaffrarian Rifles (Queenstown Rifle Volunteers)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">3</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="background-color: lightgrey; height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 30;">
<td class="xl72" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Kaffrarian Rifles – sub-total</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">393</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">422</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">423</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 31;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Royal Scots</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">81</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">82</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">83</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 32;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Royal Scots (Berkshire Regiment)</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl78" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="background-color: lightgrey; height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 33;">
<td class="xl72" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Royal Scots – sub-total</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">81</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">83</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">83</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 34;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Royal Army Medical Corps</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">6</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl79" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 35;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463">Royal Engineers</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">11</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">11</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">11</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="background-color: lightgrey; height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 36; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td class="xl72" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 347pt;" width="463"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Total Present at the
Defence of Wepener</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1898</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1957</span></td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1953</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>HMG - for reference the numbers published in an authorative history in 1907; History of the War in South Africa 1899-1902, vol II. Mjr-Genl Sir F Maurice KCB, Hurst & Blackett, 1907 - p315<br /></p><p>MG Hibbard ( "The Single Bar" (Cape Town 1964)) gives a total of 1900 <i>Wepener</i> clasps awarded, 1806 to colonial units. <br /></p><p>There is no evidence the Royal Army Medical Corps had any representatives at Wepener. Where HMG got this information is not known. Interestingly Hibbard states 6 men of the Cape Medical Staff Corps were awarded the <i>Wepener</i> clasp. Kaplan lists one but he is on the strength of Brabant's Horse.<br /></p><p>From the table you will notice the number of other units represented from officers and men attached, and others who served in units prior to transferring to a unit that served at Wepener. This means you may find medals named to units not present at Wepener, many are genuine, but some are bogus and need checking carefully. There are also medals named to units that men served in after Wepener, the South African Light Horse are an example, <a href="https://www.dnw.co.uk/auction-archive/lot-archive/lot.php?department=Medals&lot_uid=359997" target="_blank">see here.</a><br /></p><p>Trying to resolve entitlement through Ancestry is not easy as you are completely reliant on the skill of their indexing, which is not great, and having to create and follow a trail from one unit to another. The Register removes this by presenting one record per man with all their units shown as well as clasp entitlement, and other infromation such as awards, casualty and perhaps service in other wars. <br /></p><p><u>Clasps that "got away"</u> <br /></p><p>A feature of the <i>Wepener </i>clasp is the confusion when the medal rolls were compiled over who was eligible, many thought the relief force was eligible and you will find on the medal rolls incorrect allocation of the clasp to relief force units. In many cases the entitlement was corrected before medals were issued. The Border Horse roll is a good example of this. </p><p>The table below shows units known to have <i>Wepener </i>clasps issued incorrectly and not re-claimed, some are shown on the roll as eligible but why is not clear. Some of these are known on the market.</p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: right; width: 393px;">
<tbody><tr height="40" style="background-color: lightgrey; height: 30pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; text-align: center;">
<td class="xl73" height="40" style="height: 30pt; width: 126pt;" width="168">Unit</td>
<td class="xl72" style="border-left: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">The Register</td>
<td class="xl72" style="border-left: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">Kaplan</td>
<td class="xl72" style="border-left: medium none; width: 61pt;" width="100">Notes</td>
</tr>
<tr height="23" style="height: 17.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td class="xl76" height="23" style="border-top: medium none; height: 17.25pt; text-align: left; width: 126pt;" width="168">10<span class="font6"><sup>th</sup></span><span class="font5">
Hussars</span></td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">2</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: left;" width="100">Relief
Force</td>
</tr>
<tr height="23" style="height: 17.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td class="xl76" height="23" style="border-top: medium none; height: 17.25pt; text-align: left; width: 126pt;" width="168">9<span class="font6"><sup>th</sup></span><span class="font5">
Lancers</span></td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: left; width: 61pt;" width="81">Relief
Force</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td class="xl76" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 126pt;" width="168">Grenadier Guards</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: left; width: 61pt;" width="81">Relief
Force</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td class="xl76" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 126pt;" width="168">HMS Doris</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: left; width: 61pt;" width="81">Odd
man</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td class="xl76" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 126pt;" width="168">Imperial Yeomanry (Staff)</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">3</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: left; width: 61pt;" width="81">Relief
Force</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td class="xl76" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 126pt;" width="168">Imperial Yeomanry</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: left; width: 61pt;" width="81">Odd
man</td>
</tr>
<tr height="40" style="height: 30pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td class="xl76" height="40" style="border-top: medium none; height: 30pt; text-align: left; width: 126pt;" width="168">Johannesburg MR/Prince Alfred’s Volunteer Guard</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: left; width: 61pt;" width="81">Odd
man</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td class="xl76" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 126pt;" width="168">Lancashire Fusiliers</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: left; width: 61pt;" width="81">Odd
man</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td class="xl76" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 126pt;" width="168">Royal Irish Rifles</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72"> </td>
<td class="xl76" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: left; width: 61pt;" width="81">Odd
man</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="background-color: lightgrey; height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td class="xl77" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 126pt;" width="168">Total Odd men</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">12</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 61pt;" width="81"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p>The "odd men" are simply that, the medal roll indicates entitlement to the clasp but, why needs to be investigated. The Relief Force medals are more straight forward - simple clerical error. </p><p>Eighteen sailors from HMS Doris were incorrectly allocated the <i>Wepener</i> clasp, 17 were re-claimed, one made it to the market and <a href="https://www.dnw.co.uk/auction-archive/lot-archive/lot.php?department=Medals&lot_uid=137243" target="_blank">sold for £2800 in 2007</a>. See Barrett J. Carr’s related article published in the <a href="https://omrs.org/" target="_blank">O.M.R.S. Journal</a> (Summer 1977).<br /></p><p>Right, the QSA<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AJ9yD8AgCak/Xzgas87_N1I/AAAAAAAAKd0/Abqi1L6Cbdgqs07n4X3BD0_yapYqtLWLgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1590/Swales.JPG" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1590" data-original-width="1027" height="262" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AJ9yD8AgCak/Xzgas87_N1I/AAAAAAAAKd0/Abqi1L6Cbdgqs07n4X3BD0_yapYqtLWLgCLcBGAsYHQ/w169-h262/Swales.JPG" width="169" /></a> awarded to Pte 2675 A Swales, 10th Hussars. He was servant to Mjr-Genl JP Brabazon who was in command on the IY in South Africa and commanded the relief force. Brabazon's entitlement to <i>Wepener</i> was cancelled and his clasp re-claimed. Somehow Swales' clasp was not reclaimed. His medal was considerably cheaper than the HMS Doris medal.</p><p>MG Hibbard in his great paper, "The Single Bar" (Cape Town 1964) cites four examples of a QSA with the the single clasp <i>Wepener</i>, all have proved to be multi-clasp entitlements and not all entitled to <i>Wepener</i> anyway. </p><li>829 Trpr GJ Ovens, Brabant's Horse</li><li>Trpr W Pritchard, Border Horse</li><li>1176 Pte CE Jarvis, Steinaecker's Horse</li><li>3864 Pte G King, Royal Scots</li><li><br /></li><p><u>Casualties during the siege</u></p><p>
</p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: right; width: 764px;">
<tbody><tr height="34" style="background-color: lightgrey; height: 25.5pt; text-align: center;">
<td class="xl74" height="34" style="height: 25.5pt; width: 110pt;" width="147">Unit</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; width: 31pt;" width="41">Total</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; width: 52pt;" width="69">% All Casualties</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; width: 34pt;" width="45">Killed</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; width: 50pt;" width="67">Wounds - Died</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; width: 50pt;" width="67">Total Fatalities</td>
<td class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; width: 53pt;" width="71">% All Fatalities</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; width: 89pt;" width="119">Missing -
Released</td>
<td class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; width: 52pt;" width="69">Wounded</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.25pt;">
<td class="xl76" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; text-align: left; width: 110pt;" width="147">Brabant's
Horse</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; width: 31pt;" width="41">39</td>
<td class="xl78" style="border-left: medium none; width: 52pt;" width="69">23.21</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; width: 34pt;" width="45">6</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; width: 50pt;" width="67">2</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; width: 50pt;" width="67">8</td>
<td class="xl78" style="border-left: medium none; width: 53pt;" width="71">23.53</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; width: 89pt;" width="119">1</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; width: 52pt;" width="69">30</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.25pt;">
<td class="xl76" height="19" style="border-top: medium none; height: 14.25pt; text-align: left; width: 110pt;" width="147">Cape Mounted Rifles</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 31pt;" width="41">99</td>
<td class="xl78" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 52pt;" width="69">58.93</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 34pt;" width="45">17</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 50pt;" width="67">5</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 50pt;" width="67">22</td>
<td class="xl78" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 53pt;" width="71">64.71</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 89pt;" width="119"> </td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 52pt;" width="69">77</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.25pt;">
<td class="xl76" height="19" style="border-top: medium none; height: 14.25pt; text-align: left; width: 110pt;" width="147">Driscoll's Scouts</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 31pt;" width="41">9</td>
<td class="xl78" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 52pt;" width="69">5.36</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 34pt;" width="45">1</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 50pt;" width="67"> </td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 50pt;" width="67">1</td>
<td class="xl78" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 53pt;" width="71">2.94</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 89pt;" width="119"> </td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 52pt;" width="69">8</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.25pt;">
<td class="xl76" height="19" style="border-top: medium none; height: 14.25pt; text-align: left; width: 110pt;" width="147">Kaffrarian Rifles</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 31pt;" width="41">11</td>
<td class="xl78" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 52pt;" width="69">6.55</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 34pt;" width="45">1</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 50pt;" width="67"> </td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 50pt;" width="67">1</td>
<td class="xl78" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 53pt;" width="71">2.94</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 89pt;" width="119"> </td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 52pt;" width="69">10</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.25pt;">
<td class="xl76" height="19" style="border-top: medium none; height: 14.25pt; text-align: left; width: 110pt;" width="147">Scots, Royal</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 31pt;" width="41">10</td>
<td class="xl78" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 52pt;" width="69">5.95</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 34pt;" width="45">2</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 50pt;" width="67"> </td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 50pt;" width="67">2</td>
<td class="xl78" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 53pt;" width="71">5.88</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 89pt;" width="119"> </td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 52pt;" width="69">8</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="background-color: lightgrey; height: 14.25pt;">
<td class="xl77" height="19" style="border-top: medium none; height: 14.25pt; text-align: left; width: 110pt;" width="147">Total</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 31pt;" width="41">168</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 52pt;" width="69">100</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 34pt;" width="45">27</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 50pt;" width="67">7</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 50pt;" width="67">34</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 53pt;" width="71">100</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 89pt;" width="119">1</td>
<td class="xl77" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 52pt;" width="69">133</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><u>Buying a <i>Wepener</i> clasp medal </u><br /></p><p>The Register has logged 551 sales of 303 <i>Wepener</i> clasp medals, The "survival rate" is 15%. This statistic shows they are well traded, this year alone eleven have been recorded for sale. As The Register logs more sales data these numbers will rise. This includes medals named to a unit served in subsequent to the siege.<br /></p><p>
</p><table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: right; width: 414px;">
<tbody><tr height="20" style="background-color: lightgrey; height: 15pt; text-align: center;">
<td class="xl73" height="20" style="height: 15pt; width: 125pt;" width="166">Unit</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">Sold</td>
<td class="xl73" style="border-left: medium none; width: 78pt;" width="104">Survival Rate %</td>
<td class="xl72" style="border-left: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">Issued</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 125pt;" width="166">10th
Hussars</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; width: 78pt;" width="104">50.00</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">2</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 125pt;" width="166">7th Hussars</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 78pt;" width="104">100.00</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 125pt;" width="166">Brabant's Horse</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">104</td>
<td align="right" class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 78pt;" width="104">12.48</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">833</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 125pt;" width="166">Cape Garrison Artillery</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 78pt;" width="104">25.00</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">4</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 125pt;" width="166">Cape Mounted Rifles</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">91</td>
<td align="right" class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 78pt;" width="104">17.47</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">521</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 125pt;" width="166">Colonial Defence Force</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 78pt;" width="104">100.00</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 125pt;" width="166">Driscoll's Scouts</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">6</td>
<td align="right" class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 78pt;" width="104">12.77</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">47</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 125pt;" width="166">Engineers, Royal</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">3</td>
<td align="right" class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 78pt;" width="104">27.27</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">11</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 125pt;" width="166">Field Artillery, Royal</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 78pt;" width="104">100.00</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 125pt;" width="166">Frontier Mounted Rifles</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 78pt;" width="104">11.11</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">9</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 125pt;" width="166">Garrison Artillery, Royal</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">2</td>
<td align="right" class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 78pt;" width="104">50.00</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">4</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 125pt;" width="166">Irish Rifles, Royal</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 78pt;" width="104">100.00</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 125pt;" width="166">Kaffrarian Rifles</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">73</td>
<td align="right" class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 78pt;" width="104">17.46</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">418</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 125pt;" width="166">Kitchener's Horse</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 78pt;" width="104">100.00</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 125pt;" width="166">Lancashire Fusiliers</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 78pt;" width="104">100.00</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">1</td>
</tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;">
<td class="xl74" height="20" style="border-top: medium none; height: 15pt; text-align: left; width: 125pt;" width="166">Scots, Royal</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">15</td>
<td align="right" class="xl75" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 78pt;" width="104">18.29</td>
<td align="right" class="xl74" style="border-left: medium none; border-top: medium none; width: 54pt;" width="72">82</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p>
</p><p></p><p></p>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7156434616638531375.post-7797447421311818742020-07-25T16:52:00.000+01:002020-07-25T16:52:16.453+01:00Re-Named Medals - What do they look like? A Beginner's Guide<div>The QSA and KSA was always issued named, there are a variety of styles that are either engraved or impressed.</div><div></div><div><div><br /></div><div>There is no susbstitute to reading, researching and looking at as many
QSAs & KSAs as you can - obviously a medal in the hand is of more
value than a sketchy image on the internet or in a book - but needs must
these days!</div></div>
<br /><div>
Fortunately, unlike other campaign medals such as Waterloo and Crimea medals QSAs and KSAs have not been targetted by fraudsters naming up medals to deliberately deceive. However, you come across copies of the medals themselves - usually poor quality and easily spotted when compared to a genuine medal - eBay is full of poor quality copies, have a browse!</div><br />
Of more concern are genuine medals that have been re-named, most of these are easily spotted because in order to rename the medal the existing naming needs to be erased. The act of erasing, known as "skimming", always removes part of the medal thus impacting the overall diameter and the width of the rim is not consistent.<br />
<br />
This medal has been skimmed, the two red circles indicate the width of the rim and if you look from 3 o'clock to 9 o'clock the width of the rim decreases as part of the medal has been removed (skimmed) to erase the naming already on the medal.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hLGwVVOJhSU/Xuo9ylPFGfI/AAAAAAAAJno/2fYWS9iiXH0pcolsVA00VUZPfNZmXRBjwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/QSA%2Bobv%2Bskimmed.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1397" data-original-width="1436" height="311" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-hLGwVVOJhSU/Xuo9ylPFGfI/AAAAAAAAJno/2fYWS9iiXH0pcolsVA00VUZPfNZmXRBjwCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/QSA%2Bobv%2Bskimmed.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
In general the details put onto the rim were consistent:<br />
<br />
Royal Navy - Initials, Surname, Rank, Ship<b><span style="background-color: red;"></span></b><br />
Army (including colonial units) - Number, Rank, Initials, Surname, Unit<br />
<br />
There can be variation in the Unit; battalion number, volunteer battalion or volunteer service company, the suffix "MI" for mounted infantry. <br />
<br />
Civilians & Nurses: Rank (not for all), Initials, Surname<br />
<br />
You will see variations to the above, generally this is ok, if the medal has not been re-named. Identifying a re-named medal is better than relying on the syntax of the rim details.<br />
<br />
This image shows the naming on the rim from the medal above. This style of naming is common on re-named medals and never seen on officially named medals. You can see the metal in each letter is very rough, hence the name "chisel engraved".<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Part re-named QSA, the rank is correct, the initial and surname have been re-named</td></tr>
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<b><u>Engraved Naming</u></b> - found on medals to Army officers (but not all colonial units), some medals engraved on the QSA to other ranks in the RE, ASC and a few cavalry and infantry regiments.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GFOA3FpGGTU/Xup5UjlctKI/AAAAAAAAJo4/UOOWen9igxclHFIvKa57JnZv4anwUqbbACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Dorset%2B2bn%2BQSA.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="86" data-original-width="330" height="103" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GFOA3FpGGTU/Xup5UjlctKI/AAAAAAAAJo4/UOOWen9igxclHFIvKa57JnZv4anwUqbbACLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Dorset%2B2bn%2BQSA.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1MPscuDpViA/XupXSLx5vaI/AAAAAAAAJog/tSGQe_bwTKMIAnpHcJYmvWUo3gRcjyRcwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Lasslett%2BC%2B14H%2Brims%2Bsm.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="269" data-original-width="700" height="151" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1MPscuDpViA/XupXSLx5vaI/AAAAAAAAJog/tSGQe_bwTKMIAnpHcJYmvWUo3gRcjyRcwCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Lasslett%2BC%2B14H%2Brims%2Bsm.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Top: engraved QSA, compare neatness to re-named example. Bottom is an impressed KSA.</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">QSA engraved in India - very similar to the India General Service medals.</td></tr>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6F2kXLHN7is/XuqDTzblGII/AAAAAAAAJp4/tvKBzWN47NkLvt1eYq0zJfBQoqYBaMZLQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Beech%2Bnaming%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="175" data-original-width="1345" height="50" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6F2kXLHN7is/XuqDTzblGII/AAAAAAAAJp4/tvKBzWN47NkLvt1eYq0zJfBQoqYBaMZLQCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h50/Beech%2Bnaming%2B2.jpg" width="400" /><br /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">QSA engraved to a sapper of the Royal Engineers.<br /><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6F2kXLHN7is/XuqDTzblGII/AAAAAAAAJp4/tvKBzWN47NkLvt1eYq0zJfBQoqYBaMZLQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Beech%2Bnaming%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
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<b><u>Impressed Naming </u></b>- most common naming, in a variety of sizes on both QSA & KSA. Medals named during and after WW1 have naming similar to the British War Medal - thin mid-size capitals. <br />
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<b><u>Official Renaming</u></b> - the Mint recycled medals and these are known as "official re-names". There will be signs of skimming, but usually less severe than in the first example shown above. The new naming will be in the correct style and you may see traces of the first naming applied.<br />
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Most of the naming was done in the UK, some slver and bronze medals were named in India. Another set of medals to Australian and New Zealand troops were named in those countries, these are medals presented by the future King Edard VII on his world tour in 1901 aboard HMS Ophir, you can read more <a href="https://theangloboerwars.blogspot.com/2019/12/the-qsa-named-to-cruise-ship-hms-ophir.html" target="_blank">here</a>.<br />
<br /><div></div><div>If you would like to contribute images of re-named QSAs & KSAs and genuine naming styles nto shown above please contact <a href="mailto:info@casus-belli.co.uk">me</a>.<br /></div>meurighttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04972612781397862975noreply@blogger.com2